{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:04:18Z","timestamp":1789535058323,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrinsic capacity (IC) and the frailty index (FI) constitute two conceptually distinct frameworks for evaluating health status in later life; however, their comparative and combined prognostic utility for incident disability and all-cause mortality has not been fully elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort study included 7,168 adults aged \u226560\u202fyears from the 2014 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. IC was evaluated across five domains and aggregated into a composite score ranging from 0 to 10. FI was derived using a deficit accumulation approach. Incident disability was defined as new-onset limitation in at least one of six basic activities of daily living in 2018. All-cause mortality was ascertained during follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were applied, together with joint association and incremental predictive analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In fully adjusted models, higher IC was independently associated with lower odds of incident disability [odds ratio (OR)\u202f=\u202f0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74\u20130.84], whereas higher FI was associated with greater odds of disability (OR per 0.1 increase\u202f=\u202f1.93, 95% CI: 1.67\u20132.23). Similarly, higher IC was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR)\u202f=\u202f0.84, 95% CI: 0.82\u20130.85], whereas higher FI was associated with increased mortality risk (HR per 0.1 increase\u202f=\u202f1.25, 95% CI: 1.19\u20131.31). After mutual adjustment, both IC and FI remained significantly associated with incident disability, whereas only IC remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Participants with concomitantly lower IC and higher FI exhibited the greatest risks of both disability (OR\u202f=\u202f4.31, 95% CI: 2.65\u20137.04) and mortality (HR\u202f=\u202f2.66, 95% CI: 2.32\u20133.04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both IC and FI were significantly associated with incident disability and all-cause mortality among older Chinese adults. The combination of IC and FI identified distinct profiles of functional and mortality risk, while IC showed a stronger association with mortality than FI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1859572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:30:34Z","timestamp":1789533034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Independent and joint associations of intrinsic capacity and frailty index with incident disability and all-cause mortality among older Chinese adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bing","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, The 966th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force of China","place":["Dandong, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, The 966th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force of China","place":["Dandong, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, The 966th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force of China","place":["Dandong, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Department of the 15th Veteran Cadre Sanatorium of Beijing Garrison Command","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Department, Liaoning Provincial Military District Dandong First Retired Cadres Sanatorium","place":["Dandong, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, The 966th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force of China","place":["Dandong, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03021-8","article-title":"Aging, longevity, and healthy aging: the public health 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