{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:03:57Z","timestamp":1784610237626,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the role of disease history score in the association between depression history and current myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) among US adults from 2021 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study derived data from the 2021 to 2023 US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Current ME\/CFS was defined using self-reported NHIS questions on a prior clinician diagnosis of ME\/CFS and whether participants still had the condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A depression history was associated with higher odds of current ME\/CFS (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.12\u20132.32). A positive non-linear association between the disease history score and current ME\/CFS was identified (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.73\u20133.60). Above the threshold of \u22122.03, each unit increment in the disease history score was associated with 85% higher odds of current ME\/CFS. No significant multiplicative or additive interaction was detected between the disease history score category and depression history in relation to current ME\/CFS. In exploratory indirect association analyses, the disease history score and its category accounted for 47.2%\/22.9 and 44.4%\/24.1% of the association between depression history and current ME\/CFS in the overall and female populations, respectively. The disease history score accounted for 59.2 and 30.5% of the depression-related association with current ME\/CFS in the 50\u201364\u202fyears and 65\u202f+\u202fyears groups, respectively. Adding the disease history score to the model did not substantially improve reclassification or discriminatory performance for identifying current ME\/CFS. The population attributable fraction (PAF) associated with depression history for current ME\/CFS was higher than that associated with the disease history score category. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The disease history score may partly explain the association between depression history and current ME\/CFS status, especially among women and adults aged 50\u202fyears or older. Depression history was more strongly associated with current ME\/CFS than increased multimorbidity burden. These findings support the potential relevance of depression history and multimorbidity burden in identifying adults with current ME\/CFS, although longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporal relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1862602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:19:22Z","timestamp":1784607562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of disease history score in the association between depression history and current ME\/CFS among US adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Song","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangxia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S317314","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome\/Myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS\/ME) in adolescents: practical guidance and management challenges","volume":"14","author":"Rowe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adolesc Health Med Ther"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02269-0","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS\/ME)","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113629","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.113629","article-title":"A comprehensive update of the current understanding of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Noor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.07.032","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Grach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208181","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1208181","article-title":"Post-COVID sequelae effect in chronic fatigue syndrome: SARS-CoV-2 triggers latent adenovirus in the oral mucosa","volume":"10","author":"Hannestad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1797-3","article-title":"Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Tsai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"173","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of depression","volume":"107","author":"Kovich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.53738\/REVMED.2015.11.471.0918","article-title":"Fatigue and depression","volume":"11","author":"Hell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Med Suisse"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/d4cq48","article-title":"Depression as a possible determinant of fatigue in patients with axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"42","author":"Bixio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12804","article-title":"The impact of depression on fatigue in patients haemodialysis: a correlational study","volume":"24","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03886-1","article-title":"Presence of depression and anxiety with distinct patterns of pharmacological treatments before the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome: a population-based study in Taiwan","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.11.006","article-title":"Fatigue in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Kwon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104519838584","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): are rates higher than in controls and do depressive symptoms affect outcome?","volume":"24","author":"Loades","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.113","article-title":"Do adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS\/ME) and co-morbid anxiety and\/or depressive symptoms think differently to those who do not have co-morbid psychopathology?","volume":"274","author":"Loades","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102796","article-title":"Autoantibodies to selenoprotein P in chronic fatigue syndrome suggest selenium transport impairment and acquired resistance to thyroid hormone","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4920","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519869711","article-title":"Somatic symptoms and their association with anxiety and depression in Chinese patients with cardiac neurosis","volume":"47","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.06.023","article-title":"An intriguing and hitherto unexplained co-occurrence: depression and chronic fatigue syndrome are manifestations of shared inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative (IO&NS) pathways","volume":"35","author":"Maes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.02.031","article-title":"Chronic ACTH autoantibodies are a significant pathological factor in the disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome, anorexia nervosa and major depression","volume":"65","author":"Wheatland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.111975","article-title":"Shared microglial mechanisms underpinning depression and chronic fatigue syndrome and their comorbidities","volume":"372","author":"Chaves-Filho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12763","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of fatigue in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Romadlon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0515","article-title":"Chronic fatigue in type 1 diabetes: highly prevalent but not explained by hyperglycemia or glucose variability","volume":"37","author":"Goedendorp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001084","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001084","article-title":"Management of Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Pope","year":"2020","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738221141224","article-title":"COPD-related fatigue: a scoping review","volume":"32","author":"Clark","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1891\/RTNP-2022-0084","article-title":"Compassion fatigue and family caregivers caring in end-stage heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Cross","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Theory Nurs Pract"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74683-z","article-title":"Comparative study for fatigue prevalence in subjects with diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"35","article-title":"Prevalence of allergen-specific IgE among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Kowal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2022.10.007","article-title":"A multi-dimensional model of fatigue in old age: implications for brain aging","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00184-3","article-title":"Ageing and multiple sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Graves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/jfkqsb","article-title":"Do fibromyalgia patients feel older than they really are? An observational study","volume":"39","author":"Guler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"A38","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in women","volume":"59","author":"Zerbe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull Menn Clin"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000455256","article-title":"Men's views on depression: a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative research","volume":"50","author":"Krumm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E586","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2021.586","article-title":"Depression's problem with men","volume":"23","author":"Swetlitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-018-0753-7","article-title":"Gender disparities in CAD: women and ischemic heart disease","volume":"20","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.2014.929488","article-title":"Gender differences in hypertension and hypertension awareness among young adults","volume":"61","author":"Everett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biodemography Soc Biol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/00045415-200008040-00009","article-title":"Gender differences and the outcome of interventions for acute coronary syndromes","volume":"8","author":"Feldman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2024.103198","article-title":"Research progress on pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome and treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine","volume":"255","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628741","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.628741","article-title":"The gut microbiome in Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)\/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)","volume":"12","author":"K\u00f6nig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00777-4","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome following a toxic exposure","volume":"270","author":"Racciatti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102559","article-title":"Risk of chronic fatigue syndrome after COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study of 3227281 patients","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1862602\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:19:24Z","timestamp":1784607564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1862602\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1862602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1862602","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"article-number":"1862602"}}