{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:31:01Z","timestamp":1786516261444,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV, and initial HIV testing is a critical entry point for early diagnosis and treatment. However, factors associated with first-time HIV testing among MSM in the Chengdu-Chongqing region remain unclear. This study aims to assess HIV testing coverage and identify factors associated with first-time HIV testing among MSM in this region, thereby providing scientific evidence to help achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets, which include diagnosing 95% of people living with HIV by 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted through community-based organizations in Chengdu and Chongqing from August to December 2024. Data on socio-demographics, sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted infection (STI) history, new psychoactive substance (NPS) use, and HIV testing history were collected using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with first-time HIV testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 514 MSM included, 156 (30.4%) were identified as first-time testers. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the absence of group sex in the past month was associated with an increased likelihood of first-time testing (aOR\u202f=\u202f3.22, 95% CI: 1.08\u20139.56). In contrast, MSM with a college degree or higher (aOR\u202f=\u202f0.46, 95% CI: 0.23\u20130.93) and a history of STI in the past year (aOR\u202f=\u202f0.13, 95% CI: 0.02\u20130.99) were associated with a decreased likelihood of first-time testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately one-third of MSM in Chengdu and Chongqing have never been tested for HIV. We recommend enhanced, targeted interventions for lower-educated MSM, along with integrated HIV and STI testing services, to increase HIV testing uptake among MSM and achieve the goal of diagnosing 95% of individuals infected with HIV by 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1863281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:56:28Z","timestamp":1786514188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Never tested for HIV? Characteristics of first-time testers among MSM in Chongqing and Chengdu, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Jingpei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Center for Disease Prevention and Control","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Shapingba Center for Disease Prevention and Control","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Nana Center for Disease Prevention and Control","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.13419\/j.cnki.aids.2023.03.01","article-title":"Analysis of AIDS epidemic situation and prevention and control prospects in 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