{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:52:04Z","timestamp":1786121524151,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) and public access defibrillation (PAD) are critical to improving survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the rates of BCPR and PAD remain suboptimal in many Asian regions. Although psychosocial determinants of bystander resuscitation have been widely examined using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), most studies adopt variable\u2011centered approaches that might underestimate individual\u2011level heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify psychosocial profiles related to bystander resuscitation among Macao residents using a person\u2011centered analytic approach and to examine socio\u2011demographic factors associated with profile membership.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional online survey based on TPB constructs recruited 579 community-dwelling adults through convenience and snowball sampling. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify specific psychosocial profiles. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between socio-demographic factors and profile membership.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct psychosocial profiles: reluctant, socially inhibited, technically constrained, and proactive. Willingness to provide bystander resuscitation varied significantly across profiles, with the highest in the proactive group and lowest in the reluctant group. Socially inhibited individuals showed high perceived behavioral control (PBC) despite low subjective norms, whereas technically constrained individuals demonstrated low PBC despite favorable attitudes and subjective norms. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that lack of prior resuscitation training and older age were associated with lower odds of belonging to the proactive group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings underscore the central role of PBC and highlight the value of profile\u2011 and age\u2011specific training strategies to enhance community bystander resuscitation willingness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1867128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:28:03Z","timestamp":1786080483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychosocial profiles of bystander resuscitation among Macao residents: a latent profile analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ka Kit","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing and Health Study Centre, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau","place":["Macao, Macao SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sok Leng","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing and Health Education Research Centre, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau","place":["Macao, Macao SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau","place":["Macao, Macao SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka Kei","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau","place":["Macao, Macao SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.02.044","article-title":"Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest across the world: first report from the international liaison committee on resuscitation (ILCOR)","volume":"152","author":"Kiguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.08.126","article-title":"Clinical outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in low-resource settings \u2014 a scoping review","volume":"156","author":"Schnaubelt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2025.110566","article-title":"Time to bystander CPR and survival for witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac 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