{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T05:49:36Z","timestamp":1782107376211,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019446","name":"Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["202103050856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202103050856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1,1-Dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) is a widely used chlorinated solvent with known hepatotoxicity in animals, but human acute poisoning data are scarce. This study summarizes clinical features and multi-organ injury in acute 1,1-DCE poisoning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective case series of 13 patients with single occupational exposure was conducted. Clinical data, laboratory parameters (liver, renal, coagulation, hematologic, and cardiac markers), organ support, and outcomes were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients developed early symptoms. Severe hepatocellular injury was prominent (median alanine aminotransferase 3,400\u202fU\/L; aspartate aminotransferase 2,516\u202fU\/L). Five patients (38.5%) developed acute kidney injury, including four with anuria. All showed coagulation abnormalities with elevated D-dimer, and 12\u202fhad myocardial injury. Organ support included mechanical ventilation (30.8%), continuous renal replacement therapy (61.5%), and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (7.7%). Three patients (23.1%) died of multiple organ failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute 1,1-DCE exposure rapidly causes multi-organ dysfunction, dominated by severe liver injury with renal, coagulation, and cardiac involvement. Early monitoring and aggressive supportive treatment are critical.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1869600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T05:40:15Z","timestamp":1782106815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical features, multi-organ damage, and prognosis of 1,1-dichloroethylene poisoning: a retrospective case series of 13 patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Comprehensive Geriatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Toxicological Profile for 1,1-Dichloroethene","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)02988-X","article-title":"Bioactivation of 1,1-dichloroethylene to its epoxide by Cyp2e1 and Cyp2f enzymes","volume":"32","author":"Simmonds","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c179","DOI":"10.1159\/000339789","article-title":"Kdigo clinical practice 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