{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:18:11Z","timestamp":1787811491899,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the prevalence of dating psychological violence among adolescents in the Metropolitan Region of the State of Esp\u00edrito Santo (ES), Brazil, and its association with socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics and violence experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted with 1,238 adolescents aged 14\u201319, enrolled in public and private schools in the Greater Vit\u00f3ria Metropolitan Region (ES), Brazil, who were in a romantic relationship at the time of the research. Sampling was by cluster and stratification. The outcome variable was dating psychological violence (yes\/no), and the independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and previous violence experiences. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Bivariate analysis used Pearson\u2019s chi-square test (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) with a 95% confidence interval. Logistic regression was applied to estimate crude and adjusted associations. Variables with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f\u2264\u202f0.20 were included in the multivariate model, while those with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f\u2264\u202f0.05 remained in the model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed that 18.6% (95% CI: 16.5\u201320.8) of the participants reported having suffered dating psychological violence. The prevalence was 21.7% among girls and 13.1% among boys. Furthermore, higher frequencies of the problem were observed among non-heterosexual adolescents, those who had had sexual intercourse at some point in their lives, those who smoked cigarettes, as well as those who had suffered bullying (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings show that early romantic relationships can involve abusive behaviors linked to social vulnerability and prior violence, highlighting the need for education on recognizing abuse and fostering healthy, respectful relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1870784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:34:00Z","timestamp":1787808840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dating psychological violence among adolescents in a metropolitan region of southeastern Brazil: a school-based study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Isaura","family":"Barros Alves Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program Department (DPNI), Ministry of Health (Brazil)","place":["Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"]},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, H\u00e9sio Cordeiro Institute of Social Medicine (IMS), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franciele","family":"Marabotti Costa Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES)","place":["Vit\u00f3ria, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14100948","article-title":"Dating Violence and the Quality of Relationships through Adolescence: A Longitudinal Latent Class Study","volume":"14","author":"Viejo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Intimate Partner Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements (Version 1.0)","author":"Saltzman","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072443","article-title":"Identifying types of dating violence and protective factors among adolescents in Spain: a qualitative analysis of Lights4Violence materials","volume":"17","author":"P\u00e9rez-Marco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Viol\u00eancia no Namoro Entre Adolescentes: Fatores Associados e Percep\u00e7\u00f5es de Estudantes do Ensino M\u00e9dio","author":"Silva","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20210366","DOI":"10.1590\/1983-1447.2022.20210170.pt","article-title":"Preval\u00eancia e fatores associados \u00e0 viol\u00eancia no namoro entre adolescentes de escola p\u00fablica","volume":"43","author":"Ver\u00edssimo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Gaucha Enferm"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Understanding Teen Dating Violence","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31211\/rpics.2025.11.2.379","article-title":"Dating violence among Brazilian adolescents and young people: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev Port Investig Comport Soc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13328","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-023-05378-3","article-title":"Dating violence victimization among sexual and gender diverse adolescents in Brazil","volume":"43","author":"Arnoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-026-00939-7","article-title":"Relationship between violence against children and dating violence patterns among Brazilian adolescents: a latent class analysis","volume":"3","author":"Moraes","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Trauma"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.14718\/ACP.2023.26.1.5","article-title":"Patterns of Teen Dating Violence. 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