{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T18:56:16Z","timestamp":1793904976241,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescence represents a pivotal stage for the development of lifelong health behaviors. In Saudi Arabia, rising obesity and sedentary lifestyles among youth represent growing public health challenges. While organized sports may positively influence lifestyle behaviors, evidence comparing Saudi adolescent athletes and non-athletes across multiple behavioral domains remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare lifestyle habits, including physical activity levels, sedentary behaviors, dietary practices, and sleep duration, between Saudi male adolescent athletes and non-athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study of 124 male high school students aged 16\u201317\u202fyears (70 athletes, 54 non-athletes) from Riyadh used a validated 47-item Arab Teen Lifestyle Study (ATLS) questionnaire. Physical activity was measured in METs-minutes per week. Chi-square tests, independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests, and multiple linear regression were applied.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Athletes exhibited significantly higher physical activity levels (98.6% meeting guidelines compared to 55.6% of non-athletes;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) and lower BMI (23.64\u202f\u00b1\u202f5.39 versus 29.69\u202f\u00b1\u202f8.34\u202fkg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Additionally, a greater proportion of athletes reported consuming fruit on five or more days per week (54.3% versus 33.3%; \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f8.10,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.017; V\u202f=\u202f0.26). Athletes reported shorter average sleep duration (9.06\u202f\u00b1\u202f3.67 versus 11.28\u202f\u00b1\u202f3.52\u202fh per day;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.001), although both groups exceeded the minimum recommended 8\u202fh. No significant difference was observed between groups in daily screen time (4.04\u202f\u00b1\u202f2.63 versus 4.44\u202f\u00b1\u202f3.08\u202fh;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.44). In an exploratory regression model, frequency of energy drink consumption emerged as the only significant individual predictor of BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f4.12, 95% CI: 0.32\u20137.92;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.034), although the overall model was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.071;\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f1.26;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.278).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participation in organized sports is linked to increased physical activity, lower body mass index, and improved fruit consumption among Saudi male adolescents. However, athletes reported reduced sleep duration, and elevated screen time persisted in both groups. These results support the integration of sports programs into adolescent health strategies and highlight the need for comprehensive interventions that address sleep hygiene, screen time management, and the promotion of physical activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1871762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:46:32Z","timestamp":1782279992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Physical activity, dietary habits, screen time, and sleep duration among Saudi male adolescent athletes and non-athletes: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fahad","family":"Bin Radhyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, College of General Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Tomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, College of General Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmalek K.","family":"Bursais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman I.","family":"Alaqil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3390\/life11101078","article-title":"Obesity, lifestyle Behaviors, and dietary habits of Saudi adolescents living in Riyadh (ATLS-2 project): revisited after a ten-year period","volume":"11","author":"Al-Hazzaa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Basel Switz"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3109\/17477160903111763","article-title":"Tracking of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering from childhood to adulthood","volume":"5","author":"Camhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Obes IJPO Off J Int Assoc Study Obes"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.730366","article-title":"Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review and meta\u2013regression analysis","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.03.021","article-title":"Tracking of serum lipid levels, blood pressure, and body mass index from childhood to adulthood: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study","volume":"159","author":"Juhola","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.01.053","article-title":"Childhood risk factors and adulthood cardiovascular disease: a systematic review","volume":"232","author":"Pool","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.04.010","article-title":"The timing and sequence of cardiovascular health decline","volume":"61","author":"Pool","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115968","article-title":"Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins from childhood to adulthood. 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