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This review synthesizes evidence across epidemiology, sociology, psychology, and public health to examine the interacting mechanisms that shape the social dynamics of epidemics. We develop a framework in which social consequences, trust dynamics, behavioral and psychological responses, and information environments jointly influence crisis trajectories through reciprocal feedback processes. Trust is conceptualized as a critical mediating factor linking governance to public behavior, while inequalities and information environments condition whether disruptions are contained or amplified. We conclude that epidemic preparedness should move beyond a pathogen-centered model to integrate social protection, trust-sensitive communication, mental health support, and infodemic management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1875500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:10:59Z","timestamp":1784095859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding crisis dynamics during public health emergencies: an integrated framework of social consequences, trust, and behavioral responses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenyue","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Catastrophe Simulation and Systemic Risk Governance, Beijing Normal University","place":["Zhuhai, China"]},{"name":"Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naizhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Catastrophe Simulation and Systemic Risk Governance, Beijing Normal University","place":["Zhuhai, China"]},{"name":"Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15346-5_2","article-title":"Brief history of pandemics (pandemics throughout history)","volume-title":"Psychiatry of Pandemics: A Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak","author":"Huremovi\u0107","year":"2019"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30307-2","article-title":"How mental health care should change as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"7","author":"Moreno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.53854\/liim-3103-17","article-title":"The 1889-90 flu pandemic in Greece: a social, cultural and economic history with lessons for the 21(st) century","volume":"31","author":"Kousoulis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infez Med."},{"key":"B4","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Explaining Epidemics"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30003-X","article-title":"Syndemics and the biosocial conception of health","volume":"389","author":"Singer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.iee.v40n1e10","article-title":"Social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Educ Enferm."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00172-6","article-title":"Pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: an exploratory analysis of infection and fatality rates, and contextual factors associated with preparedness in 177 countries, from Jan 1, 2020, to Sept 30, 2021","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01585-9","article-title":"The lancet commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"400","author":"Sachs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0884-z","article-title":"Using social and behavioral science to support COVID-19 pandemic response","volume":"4","author":"Bavel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0906-x","article-title":"Ten considerations for effectively managing the COVID-19 transition","volume":"4","author":"Habersaat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1177\/1478929920948684","article-title":"Trust and the coronavirus pandemic: what are the consequences of and for trust? 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