{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:47:51Z","timestamp":1782197271755,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reported prevalence of secondary traumatic stress (STS) among nurses varies considerably across studies, ranging from 22. 1 to 84.4%. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of STS and identify potential moderating factors among nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From the inception of each target database to April 2026, a comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. We calculated the pooled prevalence of STS using a random-effects model and assessed heterogeneity using the I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 28 studies comprising 7,090 nurses were included. The pooled prevalence of STS in nurses was 57.3% (95% CI: 49.7-64.9%). STS prevalence was significantly associated with mean age (\u03b2 = \u22120.064,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023), work experience (\u03b2 = \u22120.080,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.040), publication year (during COVID-19: \u03b2 = 0.979,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.024; after COVID-19: \u03b2 = 0.848,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.030), and geographic region (North America: \u03b2 = \u22120.881,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019; Europe: \u03b2 = \u22121.031,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicated that STS was very prevalent in nurses, and the prevalence is moderated by mean age, work experience, publication year, and geographic region. Regular STS assessments and multi-level support systems, such as early warning, peer support, and mental health training, are recommended to reduce STS risk and enhance the wellbeing of nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1877091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:12:06Z","timestamp":1782195126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress in nurses: a meta-analysis of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qingyue","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hemodialysis Center, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, West China Hospital\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hemodialysis Center, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hemodialysis Center, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70044","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70044","article-title":"Relationship between professional quality of life and career success in nurses: a latent profile analysis","volume":"72","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7500360","DOI":"10.1155\/jonm\/7500360","article-title":"Hospital nurses' professional quality of life model: a cross-sectional study based on the expanded job demands-resources 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