{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:09:53Z","timestamp":1783922993741,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019424","name":"Universidad de Santander","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008745","name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Bucaramanga","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive disorders have been associated with exposure to environmental molds in case series and animal experimental models. Older adults spend a substantial proportion of their time indoors, where they may be exposed to household mold contamination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the association between indoor environmental mold exposure and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) among older adults in Bucaramanga during 2024\u20132025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A case\u2013control study (1:1 ratio) was conducted, including 60 cases and 60 controls, matched by sex, age, and neighborhood of residence. Cases were selected from the INTERCOG study and controls from the general population. Data collection included participant and housing characterization, the Dampness and Mold Assessment Tool for General Buildings (DMAT), and an assessment of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) related symptoms. Air culture samples were collected from bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens. Indoor CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , relative humidity, and temperature, mold-specific serum IgE levels were measured. Multivariable analyses were performed using conditional logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most participants were female, with a median age of 69 years. aMCI was significantly associated with increased odds of SBS-related nasal irritation (OR = 5.84; 95%CI: 1.20\u201328.37). The presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in kitchen samples (OR = 3.86; 95%CI: 0.85\u201317.30) and history of diabetes mellitus (DM) showed a positive but non-significant association with aMCI (OR = 7.68; 95%CI: 0.95\u201361.16). Higher indoor temperature and greater frequency of household cleaning exhibited a protective trend against aMCI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nasal irritation experienced indoor and relieved upon leaving the home was significantly associated with aMCI. Positive but non-significant associations were observed for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and a history of DM. Higher indoor temperature and more frequent household cleaning showed inverse, non-significant associations with aMCI. These findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate the role of residential environmental exposures with aMCI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1877177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:32:58Z","timestamp":1783920778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between environmental mold exposure and mild cognitive impairment in older adults: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Rivera-Carvajal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y de la Salud, Doctorado en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n MASIRA, Universidad de Santander","place":["Bucaramanga, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Carolina","family":"Tiga-Loza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y de la Salud, Doctorado en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n MASIRA, Universidad de Santander","place":["Bucaramanga, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Jimena","family":"Roncancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Agua, Salud y Ambiente, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad El Bosque","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Andrea","family":"Rodriguez-Villamizar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","place":["Bucaramanga, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"R\u00edos-Gajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n","place":["Concepci\u00f3n, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alima Valentina","family":"Ardila-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Bucaramanga","place":["Bucaramanga, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole 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