{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:05:20Z","timestamp":1790057120044,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning remains a preventable cause of mortality. However, emerging evidence suggests that recent progress in prevention may not be equitably experienced across the population groups in the United States. Long-term national assessments of disparities in CO mortality are inadequate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study sought to identify trends in CO poisoning mortality, assess disparities, and inform future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a descriptive epidemiological study, using national mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) for 1999\u20132023. The study population included adults aged 25\u202fyears and older, with 47,160 deaths identified. Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated, and trends were assessed using joinpoint regression to estimate annual and average annual percent change (APC and AAPC), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were stratified by sex, race and ethnicity, age group, geographic region and urban\u2013rural status. All analyses represent primary use of these data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>National age-standardized mortality declined over the study period (AAPC \u22123.02%; 95% CI\u202f\u2212\u202f4.58 to \u22121.43), but the decline slowed after 2010. Mortality among Hispanic adults increased substantially after 2016, with signs of trend reversal among non-Hispanic Black adults. Mortality in non-metropolitan areas remained approximately 1.8 times higher than in metropolitan areas, with evidence suggesting that prior declines may have stalled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Declines in CO poisoning mortality have slowed in the United States, with some evidence of recurrent annual fluctuations, accompanied by widening racial, ethnic, and geographic differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1877803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:39:49Z","timestamp":1790055589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistent disparities despite declining carbon monoxide mortality in the United States: a nationwide analysis, 1999\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wanling","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiadong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Carbon monoxide--related deaths--United States, 1999-2004","volume":"56","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201604-318OC","article-title":"U.S. mortality due to carbon monoxide poisoning, 1999-2014: accidental and intentional deaths","volume":"13","author":"Hampson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2022.10.011","article-title":"Morbidity 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