{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:10:11Z","timestamp":1784099411121,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, but localized evidence from subtropical cities in southwestern China remains limited. This 11-year time-series study aimed to evaluate the short-term associations between six criteria air pollutants and daily CVD mortality in Nanning, China.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a time-series analysis using daily data on CVD mortality, air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological variables from 2014 to 2024 in Nanning. Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used to estimate associations across single-day lags (lag0-lag7) and cumulative lag windows (lag0-1 to lag0-7), adjusting for long-term trends, temperature, relative humidity, and day of the week. Exposure-response relationships were assessed using natural cubic splines. Stratified analyses were conducted by season and age group, and two-pollutant models and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate robustness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 87,913 CVD deaths were recorded during the study period, of which 57.5% occurred in males and 77.9% occurred among individuals aged \u226565\u202fyears. In single-day lag models, PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n , SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n -8h showed significant positive associations with CVD mortality at early lag days. At lag0, the RRs were 1.014 (95% CI: 1.008\u20131.020) for PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , 1.009 (95% CI: 1.006\u20131.013) for PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n , and 1.018 (95% CI: 1.011\u20131.026) for NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , while SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n showed its largest estimate at lag1 [RR\u202f=\u202f1.044 (95% CI: 1.018\u20131.069)]. In cumulative lag models, PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n , SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n -8h showed significant cumulative associations, whereas CO was significant mainly in shorter lag windows. Season-stratified analyses suggested pollutant-specific variation between cold and warm seasons, although formal pollutant-by-season interaction tests were not statistically significant. Age-stratified analyses indicated broader susceptibility among older adults. The main associations were generally robust in sensitivity analyses, distributed lag models, and two-pollutant models, particularly for PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n , and NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with increased CVD mortality, particularly for PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n , and NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , with consistent effects across single-day and cumulative lag structures. The results highlight the cardiovascular risks of particulate and traffic-related pollution and support pollutant-specific air quality management and targeted protection for older adults during high-pollution periods.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1878398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:43:36Z","timestamp":1784097816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-term associations between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality: an 11-year time-series study in Nanning, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Nanning, China"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linhan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiting","family":"Nong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine)","place":["Nanning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.099","article-title":"Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: JACC 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