{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:27:20Z","timestamp":1786688840650,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical cancer continues to pose a considerable public health burden in Southwest China, yet region-specific data on HPV genotypes, age-related patterns, and their associations with vaginal microecology are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2019 to 2024, 24,050 women aged 18\u201380\u202fyears were recruited at the People\u2019s Hospital of Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing. All participants underwent HPV genotyping for 23 subtypes using PCR reverse dot blot hybridization, ThinPrep cytology test (TCT), and vaginal microecological evaluation. This integrated detection strategy allowed us to further analyze the overall HPV positive rate, age-specific genotype distribution, the correlation between HPV infection and cervical lesions, and the interactive relationship between HPV infection and vaginal microecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall detection rate of HPV was 21.7% (5,211\/24,050), increasing from 7.5% (2019) to 30.1% (2022) and remaining stable at ~25% throughout 2023\u20132024. HPV52 was the predominant genotype in single (19.9%, 690\/4375) and multiple (11.2%, 493\/4418) infections, with HPV16 and HPV53 ranking closely behind. HPV prevalence peaked at \u226420\u202fyears (40.3%) and &amp;gt;60\u202fyears (39.2%). HPV16 positivity increased with lesions severity (LSIL: 18.3%, HSIL: 36.1%, SCC: 60.9%). In contrast, HPV52 was mainly associated with precancerous lesions (LSIL: 26.6%, ASCUS: 26.0%). Additionally, multiple infections were associated with a higher prevalence of abnormal cytology. Women diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV) and trichomoniasis vaginitis (TV) had significantly higher HPV52\/16 positivity than controls. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) positivity was correlated with poorer vaginal cleanliness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HPV52 predominates in infections and precancerous lesions in Chongqing. Vaginal microecological disturbance was strongly associated with HR-HPV infection. HPV16 was enriched in severe dysbiosis (Grade III and IV), whereas HPV52 showed broader associations with BV, TV and VVC. These results suggest that the 9-valent vaccine, which covers HPV52 and HPV58, may be a relevant option for this region, and support enhanced follow-up for HPV52\/58-positive women as well as integrated management of dysbiosis. By providing the most recent data (2019\u20132024, including the post-2022 stabilization phase) and the first genotype-specific, dose\u2013response evidence on HPV-microecology from Chongqing, this study fills a critical gap in China\u2019s cervical cancer surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:33:35Z","timestamp":1786685615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HPV52 predominates in cervical infections and precancerous lesions in Chongqing, China: a 6-year study linking genotypes to vaginal microecology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Western Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingjia","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XuanLin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35278","article-title":"The GLOBOCAN 2022 cancer estimates: data sources, methods, and a snapshot of the cancer burden worldwide","volume":"156","author":"Filho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09004-z","article-title":"Trends and urban-rural disparities in cervical cancer epidemiology in China, 2005-2018","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05514-y","article-title":"HPV transmission and optimal control of cervical cancer in China","volume":"15","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748241257902","article-title":"Human papilloma virus infection and gene subtypes analysis in women undergoing physical examinations: a 2015-2020 study in Wenzhou","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Cancer Control"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.146","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia without the presence of human papillomavirus","volume":"73","author":"Burger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-023-02240-7","article-title":"Characteristics of human papillomavirus prevalence and infection patterns among women aged 25-64 according to age groups and cytology results in Ordos City, China","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428267","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1428267","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in HPV vaccine uptake: multivariable analysis of vaccination data from Tianjin (2018-2023)","volume":"13","author":"Xiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2019.01.010","article-title":"Genital infections due to the human papillomavirus","volume":"37","author":"Sendagorta-Cud\u00f3s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2009.02522.x","article-title":"Comparison of human papillomavirus genotyping using commercial assays based on PCR and reverse hybridization methods","volume":"117","author":"Galan-Sanchez","year":"2010","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.104","article-title":"Commercially available assays for multiplex detection of alpha human papillomaviruses","volume":"8","author":"Poljak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100922","article-title":"A current update on human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancers","volume":"11","author":"Tumban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2017.1383158","article-title":"9-Valent human papillomavirus vaccine: a review of the clinical development program","volume":"16","author":"Luxembourg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25396","article-title":"Human papillomavirus type distribution in 30,848 invasive cervical cancers worldwide: variation by geographical region, histological type and year of publication. International journal of Cancer =: journal international du","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01423-w","article-title":"Male papillomavirus infection and genotyping in the Qingyuan area","volume":"17","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23973","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74588-x","article-title":"The prevalence of HPV in Chongqing, China from 2017 to 2022: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0998-5","article-title":"Nationwide prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and viral genotype distribution in 37 cities in China","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2176009","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2176009","article-title":"Cervical HPV infection in Guangzhou, China: an epidemiological study of 198,111 women from 2015 to 2021","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09455-1","article-title":"Temporal composition of the cervicovaginal microbiome associates with hrHPV infection outcomes in a longitudinal study","volume":"24","author":"Molina","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00336-6","article-title":"In-depth insights into cervicovaginal microbial communities and hrHPV infections using high-resolution microbiome profiling","volume":"8","author":"Molina","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117483","article-title":"Research advances in signaling pathways related to the malignant progression of HSIL to invasive cervical cancer: a review","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6067","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36863-x","article-title":"4-Nonylphenol regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in cervical carcinoma through the MEG3\/PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02902-1","article-title":"Unraveling the mechanisms of LncRNAs in cervical cancer: a comprehensive review. Cell death","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Discovery"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03879-2","article-title":"LncRNA Bmp1 promotes the healing of intestinal mucosal lesions via the miR-128-3p\/PHF6\/PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"12","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213460","article-title":"PRP8-induced CircMaml2 facilitates the healing of the intestinal mucosa via recruiting PTBP1 and regulating Sec62","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-30225-1.00016-6","volume-title":"Cancer Biomarkers and Oncoviruses","author":"Guemih","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.11845","article-title":"ERBB3 mediates the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway to alter the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer and predict immunity filtration outcome","volume":"25","author":"Xiaoyue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-025-01685-2","article-title":"Genetically proxied gut microbiota and cancer risk: a scoping review of Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"83","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000040432","article-title":"A two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis investigating the interplay between gut microbiota, immune cells, and melanoma skin cancer","volume":"103","author":"Lou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145396","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1145396","article-title":"High-risk HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among women in Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China from 2016 to 2022","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106732","article-title":"Trends and patterns of human papillomavirus infection among 33.7 million women in mainland China from 2015 to 2025: a nationwide observational study","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1159\/000087143","article-title":"Is early first intercourse a risk factor for cervical cancer?","volume":"45","author":"Reich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064802","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1064802","article-title":"A national cross-sectional study on the influencing factors of low HPV vaccination coverage in mainland China","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10011-0","article-title":"Epidemiological study of human papillomavirus infection in 105,679 women in Wuhan, China","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4038-8","article-title":"Distribution of high-risk HPV types among women in Sichuan province, China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.100955","article-title":"Global prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus in women aged 50 years and older with normal cytology: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Osmani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555082","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1555082","article-title":"Association between serum glucose potassium ratio and short- and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database","volume":"16","author":"Lou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11128-6","article-title":"HPV genotype distribution and cervical lesions in Chongqing: a comprehensive analysis of 229,770 females (2015\u20132023)","volume":"25","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608195","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1608195","article-title":"Advances in the interrelated nature of vaginal microecology, HPV infection, and cervical lesions","volume":"15","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306376","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1306376","article-title":"Relationship between vaginal microecology and human papillomavirus infection as well as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 2,147 women from Wenzhou, the southeast of China","volume":"13","author":"Zang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3390\/v17020247","article-title":"HPV-associated sexually transmitted infections in cervical Cancer screening: a prospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Latorre-Mill\u00e1n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879232\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:33:37Z","timestamp":1786685617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879232\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879232","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"article-number":"1879232"}}