{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T06:27:51Z","timestamp":1786343271026,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality among adolescents have become major public health concerns worldwide. Physical activity is widely associated with sleep quality, but the psychosocial factors related to this association require further examination. This cross-sectional study examined whether physical activity was indirectly associated with adolescents\u2019 sleep quality, as indexed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, through psychological resilience and academic stress, and whether peer support moderated the association between academic stress and PSQI scores. A total of 1,347 high school students from four districts in Shanghai completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Physical activity, sleep quality, psychological resilience, academic stress, and peer support were measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, the Academic Stress Questionnaire for Middle School Students, and the Peer Support subscale of the Perceived Social Support Scale, respectively. Pearson\u2019s correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, serial indirect-association analysis, and moderation analysis were conducted using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 4.2, with gender, grade level, household registration type, and only-child status controlled for. Higher PSQI scores indicate poorer sleep quality. Physical activity was negatively associated with PSQI scores and academic stress and positively associated with psychological resilience. Psychological resilience was negatively associated with PSQI scores and academic stress, whereas academic stress was positively associated with PSQI scores. Physical activity showed a significant direct association with PSQI scores (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f\u22120.202, 61.3%) and significant indirect associations through psychological resilience (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f\u22120.053, 16.0%), academic stress (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f\u22120.040, 12.1%), and the serial sequence of psychological resilience and academic stress (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f\u22120.035, 10.6%). Peer support moderated the association between academic stress and PSQI scores, such that this positive association was weaker among adolescents with higher peer support. These findings suggest that physical activity, psychological resilience, academic stress, peer support, and sleep quality are closely interrelated among adolescents. Given the cross-sectional design, the findings should be interpreted as statistical associations rather than evidence of temporal or causal mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T05:30:21Z","timestamp":1786339821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association between physical activity and sleep quality among adolescents: the serial mediating roles of psychological resilience and academic stress and the moderating role of peer support"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Haokai","family":"Leng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meina","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shaoyang University","place":["Shaoyang, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bicheng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zishuo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Qufu Normal University","place":["Qufu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep for Children Under 5 Years of Age","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.03.005","article-title":"In search of lost sleep: secular trends in the sleep time of school-aged children and adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Matricciani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0121602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121602","article-title":"Bullying as a risk for poor sleep quality among high school students in China","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034501","article-title":"Reciprocal relations between children\u2019s sleep and their adjustment over time","volume":"50","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.10.010","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in adolescents: correlations with health complaints and health-related quality of life","volume":"16","author":"Paiva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3388","article-title":"The prospective association between sleep deprivation and depression among adolescents","volume":"37","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025535","article-title":"Children's sleep and cognitive performance: a cross-domain analysis of change over time","volume":"47","author":"Bub","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.03.026","article-title":"Effects of sleep timing, sleep quality and sleep duration on school achievement in adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Tonetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.07.004","article-title":"The relationship between physical activity and sleep from mid adolescence to early adulthood. A systematic review of methodological approaches and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1364387","article-title":"Interrelationship between sleep and exercise: a systematic review","volume":"2017","author":"Dolezal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Prev Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-015-9617-6","article-title":"The effects of physical activity on sleep: a meta-analytic review","volume":"38","author":"Kredlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2000.0110","article-title":"Exercise and sleep","volume":"4","author":"Driver","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00048","article-title":"Exercise effects on sleep physiology","volume":"3","author":"Uchida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.06.018","article-title":"High exercise levels are related to Favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning in adolescents: a comparison of athletes and controls","volume":"46","author":"Brand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00164","article-title":"The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work","volume":"71","author":"Luthar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2012.02.004","article-title":"Adolescents' exercise and physical activity are associated with mental toughness","volume":"5","author":"Gerber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ment Health Phys Act"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.86.2.320","article-title":"Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce Back from negative emotional experiences","volume":"86","author":"Tugade","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.91.4.730","article-title":"Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life","volume":"91","author":"Ong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563382","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2025.1563382","article-title":"The relationship between grit, resilience and physical activity: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Martin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1054","article-title":"Psychosocial stress and impaired sleep","volume":"32","author":"\u00c5kerstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626157","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1626157","article-title":"The chain mediation effects of general self-efficacy and psychological resilience between physical activity and academic stress among Chinese adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Leng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2307\/1130905","article-title":"Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships","volume":"63","author":"Furman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3401_5","article-title":"Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression?","volume":"34","author":"La Greca","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310","article-title":"Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis","volume":"98","author":"Cohen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2009.00540.x","article-title":"Social support from parents, friends, classmates, and teachers in children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years: who is perceived as most supportive?","volume":"19","author":"Bokhorst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Dev"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) Manual","author":"Kowalski","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"63","article-title":"Revision and reliability and validity study of the Chinese version of the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A)","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Beijing Sport Univ"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"103","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chin J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2008.00902","article-title":"Development and validation of the resilience scale for Chinese adolescents","volume":"40","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychol Sin"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"68","article-title":"Preliminary development of a learning stress questionnaire for middle school students","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Sch Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","article-title":"The multidimensional scale of perceived social support","volume":"52","author":"Zimet","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.08.009","article-title":"Sufficient sleep, physical activity, and sedentary Behaviors","volume":"41","author":"Foti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.3.258","article-title":"Association between puberty and delayed phase preference","volume":"16","author":"Carskadon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827610375532","article-title":"Exercise as a treatment to enhance sleep","volume":"4","author":"Buman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.06.008","article-title":"Sleep and exercise: a reciprocal issue?","volume":"20","author":"Chennaoui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-10-135","article-title":"Systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for adults: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport","volume":"10","author":"Eime","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00348","article-title":"Relationship between stressful life events and sleep quality: rumination as a mediator and resilience as a moderator","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(99)00032-X","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: a unifying theory","volume":"21","author":"Salmon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00061-4","article-title":"A cognitive model of insomnia","volume":"40","author":"Harvey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.3.513","article-title":"Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress","volume":"44","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"Stress, Appraisal, and Coping","author":"Lazarus","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104440","article-title":"Resilience, stress, and psychological well-being in nursing students: a systematic review","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510395592","article-title":"Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health","volume":"52","author":"Thoits","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879316\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T05:30:23Z","timestamp":1786339823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879316\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1879316","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"article-number":"1879316"}}