{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:51:59Z","timestamp":1791525119622,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article argues that the persistent burden of burnout reflects a fundamental conceptual problem\u2014burnout continues to be framed primarily as an individual condition rather than as an occupational phenomenon shaped by interacting structural, organizational, and leadership conditions. Burnout has emerged as a major occupational health challenge. In a 2024 survey across eight predominantly high and upper-middle-income countries, 48% of respondents reported currently grappling with burnout. Separately, depression and anxiety cost the global economy approximately one trillion dollars annually in lost productivity. Drawing on evidence from neuroimaging, stress biology, cognitive neuroscience, and organizational research, this article examines plausible pathways through which leadership behavior may influence conditions that contribute to or protect against burnout, including social threat\u2013reward processing, cognitive flexibility, emotional intelligence, psychological safety, emotional contagion, and stress-related neurobiological responses. Among physicians, burnout has been associated with depression and anxiety, while evidence regarding substance abuse is less consistent. These proposed mechanisms are proximal and potentially modifiable, but operate within broader structural conditions that constrain or enable their effects. Human-centered work design and neuroleadership-informed leadership practices are proposed as complements to broader structural interventions, with implications for health systems, workforce sustainability, and policy design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1881851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:33:24Z","timestamp":1791524004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leadership, burnout, and organizational mental health: a neuroscience-informed perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gisele","family":"Kitayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PAHO Country Office, Pan American Health Organization","place":["La Paz, Bolivia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico Gerardo","family":"de Cosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired, Pan American Health Organization\/World Health Organization","place":["Washington, DC, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Handbook of Leadership","author":"Bergner","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2022-0184","DOI":"10.1590\/1679-395120220184x","article-title":"Advancing in the neuroleadership field: a systematic and integrative review","volume":"21","author":"Guarnier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cad EBAPE BR"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943896","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.943896","article-title":"Leadership and credition: followers\u2019 neural response to leaders who are perceived as transformational","volume":"16","author":"Bergner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"The neuroscience of leadership. 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