{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:15:50Z","timestamp":1788156950386,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Graduate Research Projects of Minzu University of China","award":["BZZKY-Y2025108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BZZKY-Y2025108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Atmospheric pollution, particularly carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) emissions driven by rapid economic development, poses significant threats to public health. In China, rural revitalization policies have transformed rural environments and socioeconomic structures, with implications for infectious disease transmission. This study examines the relationship between carbon emissions, rural revitalization, and infectious diseases using panel data from 31 provinces (2013\u20132023) within a spatial econometric framework. Results show that carbon emissions significantly increase disease transmission. Rural Revitalization exhibits a significant U-shaped non-linear effect, shifting from an initial negative impact that suppresses infection risks to a subsequent positive impact that elevates risks driven by enhanced population mobility and economic integration. Spatial Durbin Model reveals profound positive spatial spillover effects, demonstrating that both Carbon Emissions and Infectious Disease Transmission are highly interdependent across neighboring provinces. This indicates that a region\u2019s epidemiological risk is heavily conditioned by the transboundary environmental pressures and developmental trajectories of its contiguous territories. These findings underscore that coordinating environmental and rural development policies through a transition toward stage-dependent, low-carbon rural planning and cross-regional collaborative governance is a vital prerequisite for mitigating public health expenditures and safeguarding long-term regional sustainability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1887653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:40:57Z","timestamp":1788154857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rural revitalization, carbon emissions, and infectious disease transmission in China: nonlinear dynamics, spatial spillovers, and moderating effect"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Quanyou","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minzu University of China","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minzu University of China","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","place":["Penang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac697","article-title":"Climate change and the epidemiology of infectious diseases in the United States","volume":"76","author":"Edelson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-025-00275-y","article-title":"The silent microbial shift: climate change amplifies pathogen evolution, microbiome dysbiosis, and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"11","author":"Naga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02518","article-title":"Ozone pollution: a major health hazard worldwide","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5751\/es-06476-190142","article-title":"Is education a key to reducing vulnerability to natural disasters and hence unavoidable climate change?","volume":"19","author":"Muttarak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol Soc"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"15921608","article-title":"Rural poverty reduction and spatial spillover effects of urbanization in China: a spatial econometric analysis based on provincial panel data","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geogr Res"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Connections between the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda. 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