{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:16:11Z","timestamp":1788419771292,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the advancement of Smart Urban Rail construction, the electromagnetic environment has become increasingly complex inside metro tunnels. Track-side inspectors may experience occupational radio-frequency (RF) exposure when conducting professional inspections in such a closed electromagnetic environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In order to analyze the occupational electromagnetic exposure dose absorbed by the track-side inspectors,and explore a method to reduce the influence of RF electromagnetic radiation. We propose a compact metasurface track-side passenger information system (PIS) antenna at first, and verify its good radiation performance. Then we compare the electromagnetic exposure metrics in the track-side inspectors human model when they are exposed to the conventional track-side PIS antenna and the proposed track-side PIS antenna at 5.8 GHz.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The simulation results show that, the peak local specific absorption rate (SAR) is reduced by at least 39.83% in the trunk, skull, brain, heart, liver, and testes after the antenna is miniaturized by 53%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings indicate that the proposed track-side PIS antenna can reduce the external radiation energy, thereby reducing its impact on the surrounding environment. This research provides a theoretical analysis for occupational RF exposure safety of track-side inspectors and offers a dosimetry reference for antenna design in metro tunnel communication systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1893518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:44:37Z","timestamp":1788417877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Compact metasurface track-side PIS antenna-based occupational electromagnetic exposure research of inspectors in the metro tunnel"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ming-Fei","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5235","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2023.3262639","article-title":"UTD-based ray-tracing MIMO channel modeling for the next-generation communications within underground tunnels","volume":"71","author":"Ghaddar","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncae045","article-title":"Evaluating radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in confined spaces: a systematic review of recent studies and future 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