{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:18:24Z","timestamp":1787894304695,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the current \u201cmarket failure\u201d in the large-scale deployment of UAV-assisted automated external defibrillator (AED) delivery networks for aging communities, and to explore innovative \u201cPublic\u2013Private Partnership\u201d (PPP) business models to overcome the \u201ccold-start\u201d institutional deadlock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study introduces a three-party evolutionary game model comprising community representatives, medical institutions, and UAV operators. By integrating principles of \u201chealth economics,\u201d we simulated the interactive decision-making processes under bounded rationality. Multi-scenario numerical simulations were employed to quantify the impact of government subsidies, revenue-sharing coefficients, and emergency order densities on the system's long-term evolutionary stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The simulation results reveal a significant systemic mismatch and an inherent \u201ccollective action dilemma\u201d in the absence of policy intervention. A critical non-linear threshold was identified under our model assumptions: a minimum government subsidy ratio of 27.3% is required to effectively hedge early-stage infrastructure risks and trigger a Nash equilibrium. Furthermore, long-term stability analysis demonstrates that while initial fiscal \u201cboosters\u201d are essential, an endogenous emergency call density exceeding 0.12 valid calls per thousand residents monthly\u2014a value that corresponds closely to real-world epidemiological incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)\u2014serves as the critical determinant for systemic sustainability within the simulated environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The normalized operation of UAV-assisted EMS networks is not merely an engineering optimization problem but a \u201csocio-technical system\u201d challenge plagued by institutional gridlock. There is an urgent need to transition from a technology-driven to an institution-driven governance paradigm. We advocate for inclusive business models based on targeted public health service procurement and the integration of UAV-assisted EMS networks into national medical reimbursement frameworks to bridge the \u201clast-mile\u201d emergency gap and foster \u201chealth equity\u201d in aging populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1894313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:32:20Z","timestamp":1787891540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Public\u2013private partnerships for UAV-assisted emergency medical services in aging communities: an evolutionary game approach"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jingling","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for the Smart Health and Older Adult Care Industry in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Huashang College","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"School of Management, Guangzhou Huashang College","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Guangzhou Huashang College","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109734","article-title":"AED delivery at night\u2014can drones do the job? 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