{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:18:40Z","timestamp":1787635120934,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Road traffic injuries are a major public health and economic burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where increasing motorization and limited trauma system capacity contribute to healthcare expenditures. Evidence on factors associated with hospital costs in Latin America remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate sociodemographic, accident-related, and clinical complexity factors associated with hospital costs among patients with traffic-related injuries treated at a Colombian referral hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study included patients treated for road traffic injuries between 2016 and 2025 at a high-complexity referral center in Colombia. Hospital costs were expressed in Colombian pesos (COP). Multivariable linear regression using logarithmically transformed costs was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 13,899 patients were included. Median age was 32\u202fyears (IQR 25\u201343), and 64.0% were male. Motorcycles were involved in 87.1% of accidents. Median hospital cost was COP 431,300 (IQR 190,071\u20131,524,400). Surgical intervention was associated with the greatest increase in costs (1,502.6%), followed by ICU admission (1,063.2%) and each additional hospital day (6.8%). Early-morning accidents were associated with 46.8% higher costs, while nighttime crashes showed a 19.3% increase. Male sex and selected occupational categories were also associated with higher costs. After adjustment for clinical complexity markers, most geographic differences were attenuated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital costs following road traffic injuries were mainly associated with clinical complexity markers, particularly surgery, ICU admission, and hospital length of stay. Early-morning crashes and selected sociodemographic factors were also associated with increased costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1897175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:23:03Z","timestamp":1787631783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behavioral, sociodemographic, and clinical factors associated with hospital costs following road traffic injuries in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sandra Milena","family":"Zuleta Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Physiatry Service, Hospital Internacional de Colombia","place":["Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson","family":"Bermon Angarita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Internacional de Colombia HIC, Fundaci\u00f3n Cardiovascular de Colombia FCV, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria FCV","place":["Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Mendoza-Monsalve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Internacional de Colombia HIC, Fundaci\u00f3n Cardiovascular de Colombia FCV, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria FCV","place":["Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004324","article-title":"Assessing trauma care systems in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and evidence synthesis mapping the three delays framework to injury health system assessments","volume":"6","author":"Whitaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e281","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1732351","article-title":"Trauma Care in low- and Middle-Income Countries","volume":"7","author":"Shanthakumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/jfcm.jfcm_323_21","article-title":"Cost of healthcare rehabilitation services following road traffic injuries: results from a level-I trauma center in Saudi Arabia","volume":"29","author":"Alghnam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Community Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17723","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01233-6","article-title":"Healthcare and productivity costs among Canadian road trauma survivors over the year following injury","volume":"15","author":"Momenyan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-021-00344-w","article-title":"Out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic expenditures due to traffic injuries in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","volume":"11","author":"Petitfour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Econ Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.11.009","article-title":"Financial risk of road traffic trauma care in public and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"53","author":"Dhufera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22081201","article-title":"Measurement of the burden of road injuries in Colombia, 1990-2021","volume":"22","author":"Cardona-Arango","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2022056003299","article-title":"Factors related to healthcare costs of road traffic accidents in Bucaramanga, Colombia","volume":"56","author":"Rivera-Carvajal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208.","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.03.031","article-title":"The emergency burden in low and middle-income countries","volume":"176","author":"Delaney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e048231","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048231","article-title":"Economic burden of road traffic injuries in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of existing literature","volume":"11","author":"Ryan-Coker","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.30476\/beat.2020.86574","article-title":"Association of Social Determinants of health and road traffic deaths: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Saeednejad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull Emerg Trauma"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2020.05.015","article-title":"A matter of style? Testing the moderating effect of driving styles on the relationship between job strain and work-related crashes of professional drivers","volume":"72","author":"Useche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2147\/oaem.s368324","article-title":"Pattern of orthopedic injuries related to road traffic accidents among patients managed at the emergency department in Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021","volume":"14","author":"Bezabih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Access Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04094","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.16.04094","article-title":"Trends in the burden of road traffic injuries among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years in low- and middle-income countries, 1990-2023","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.09.039","article-title":"Trauma registry implementation in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and opportunities","volume":"223","author":"Bommakanti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00887-X","article-title":"Improvement in trauma care for road traffic injuries: an assessment of the effect on mortality in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"400","author":"Razzak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1897175\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:23:04Z","timestamp":1787631784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1897175\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1897175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1897175","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"article-number":"1897175"}}