{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:57:03Z","timestamp":1790751423775,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression is a major public health challenge worldwide. We aimed to examine the association between residential greenspace and incident depression in UK Biobank participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective cohort study of 265,311 UK Biobank participants. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between residential greenspace (300 m\/1,000 m buffers) and all-cause depression, adjusting for varying degrees of confounders across 6 sequential models. Restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) was additionally adopted to assess the dose-response relationship between continuous greenspace and depression risk. A series of sensitivity, subgroup and mediation analyses were also conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      265,311 participants entered the primary analysis. During the follow-up period, incident all-cause depression occurred in 10,766 participants (4.06%). The mean greenspace percentage was 36.2% (range: 0%\u2212100%) in the 300 m buffer and 46.0% (range: 0%\u2212100%) in the 1,000 m buffer. In a fully adjusted multivariable model (Model 6), the adjusted hazard ratio for per 10% increment in greenspace percentage was 0.988 (95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 0.979\u20130.996) for the 300 m buffer and 0.983 (95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 0.974\u20130.992) for the 1,000 m buffer, corresponding to a 1.2% and 1.7% reduction in depression risk, respectively. Trend test indicated a statistically significant decreasing trend with increasing greenspace levels (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.0001). Similarly, RCS displayed an inverse association of greenspace with all-cause depression, wherein higher greenspace percentage was linked to a reduced risk of depression. Results of subgroup and mediation analyses demonstrated consistent findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased residential greenspace is associated with a lower risk of all-cause depression. Urban planning strategies that enhance green environments may represent a potential approach for reducing depression risk at the population level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1897674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:06:43Z","timestamp":1790748403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of residential greenspace with incident depression: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chengfang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghong","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University","place":["Shanghai, 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