{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:04:35Z","timestamp":1790057075849,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) may be at increased risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes because of immune dysregulation, comorbidities, and immunomodulatory treatments. However, the effects of specific rheumatic disease subsets, treatment patterns, and vaccine types remain incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate clinical characteristics and factors associated with COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among patients with IRDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective observational cohort study included 1,024 adult patients with IRDs followed between March 2020 and January 2023. Demographic characteristics, rheumatic disease subtypes, treatments, vaccination status, COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, radiologic findings, and recovery duration were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among all patients, 347 (33.9%) developed COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 were younger than those without COVID-19 (49.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f13.4 vs. 51.5\u202f\u00b1\u202f14.5 years,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.007). Vaccination before infection was significantly more frequent in the COVID-19-negative group (92.3% vs. 23.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Spondyloarthritis frequency was higher among COVID-19-positive patients (25.9% vs. 20.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.030), whereas methotrexate use was lower (14.4% vs. 22.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.002). Among COVID-19-positive patients, 40 (11.5%) required hospitalization. Hospitalized patients were older, had more frequent lung disease, longer rheumatic disease duration, increased radiologic involvement, and prolonged recovery duration (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). In univariate analyses, FMF, colchicine use, and BNT162b2 vaccination were associated with lower hospitalization rates; however, these associations were not retained after multivariable adjustment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older age, pulmonary comorbidity, longer disease duration, and radiologic involvement were associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization in IRDs. In contrast, FMF, colchicine use, and BNT162b2 vaccination were associated with lower hospitalization rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1907698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:39:26Z","timestamp":1790055566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases: associations with disease subtypes, treatments, and vaccination status"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Feyza","family":"Ak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Bezmi Alem University Hospital","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217871","article-title":"Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 global rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry","volume":"79","author":"Gianfrancesco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum 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