{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:55:49Z","timestamp":1790916949816,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data exist on adolescents\u2019 screen time behavior, but are lacking on urban\u2013rural differences. We compared daily screen time exposures and associated anthropometric parameters, frequency of outdoor physical activity, and psychological parameters of urban and rural school-going adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study. Using five districts of one of the administrative divisions of a western Indian state as the sampling frame, the first two urban and first two rural schools were selected from a randomly reordered list of schools. We included 627 students from 5th, 7th, and 9th standards as representatives of the adolescent age group (10\u201319\u202fyears). Self-reported outdoor physical activity, psychological assessment using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and daily time spent on each were recorded. We determined associations between area of residence, frequency of outdoor physical activity, and SDQ scores and screen time using the chi-square test or Fisher\u2019s exact test. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of excessive screen time (&amp;gt;2\u202fh\/day). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 334 (53.3%) urban and 293 (46.7%) rural students. The mean age was 12.5\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.4\u202fyears. Mean daily total screen time was 111.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f71.7\u202fmin. Urban compared to rural [121.5\u202f\u00b1\u202f75.9\u202fmin vs. 100.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f65.0\u202fmin;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.001] and boys compared to girls [122.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f81.9\u202fmin vs. 100.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f58.0\u202fmin;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.000] had longer total screen time exposure. Being a rural resident was significantly associated with a &amp;gt;2\u202fdays\/week of outdoor physical activity [78.8% (rural) vs. 35.9% (urban), respectively; OR 6.64, 95% CI 4.64\u20139.51,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.000]. Students with daily screen time of &amp;gt;2\u202fh had some\/high needs on the SDQ hyperactivity scale [11.4% vs. 5.7%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.022]. Males had significantly higher odds of &amp;gt;2\u202fh of total daily screen time than females (aOR\u202f=\u202f1.51, 95% CI 1.05\u20132.17;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.026).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The associations between longer screen time exposure and worse physical and psychological factors warrant interventions with special attention to urban\u2013rural differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1908142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:39:18Z","timestamp":1790915958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adolescents\u2019 screen time exposure and the associated physical and psychological factors: an urban\u2013rural perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gauri A.","family":"Oka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research and Publication Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College","place":["Pune, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish S.","family":"Ranade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blooming Buds Centre for Pediatric Orthopaedics, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre","place":["Pune, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayur K.","family":"Shinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research and Publication Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College","place":["Pune, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhuri P.","family":"Kasabekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research and Publication Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College","place":["Pune, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad D.","family":"Pore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College","place":["Pune, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"336","article-title":"Adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears and future directions","volume-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry.","author":"Odgers","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2656","article-title":"Children, adolescents, and the media","volume":"132","author":"Strasburger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-022-2477-6","article-title":"Indian academy of pediatrics guidelines on screen time and digital wellness in infants, children and adolescents","volume":"59","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000602","article-title":"Back pain and school bag weight-a study on Indian children and review of literature","volume":"28","author":"Oka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1780994","article-title":"Nonspecific back pain in adolescents, its associated physical and psychological factors and urban \u2013 rural differences: a cross-sectional analytical study","volume":"14","author":"Oka","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","author":"Boniel-Nissim","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref8","author":"Faverio","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107400","article-title":"Problematic use or addiction? 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