{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:03:27Z","timestamp":1792598607236,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sedentary lifestyles threaten physical and psychological well-being. Nature-integrated green sports environments and digitally supported smart sports environments may promote physical activity and sustainable health. This study examined the direct and indirect associations among green facility exposure\/use, smart facility\/technology interaction, physical activity, sport motivation, perceived stress, psychological resilience, and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quantitative, cross-sectional correlational design was used with 300 adults living in T\u00fcrkiye (168 women and 132 men; mean age = 33.4 years, SD = 9.7). Data were collected online between 22 May and 14 November 2025 and analyzed using a hybrid structural equation model combining observed composite indices and latent psychometric constructs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The model showed acceptable fit (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/d\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f2.10, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.051, SRMR = 0.044). Physical activity was positively associated with sport motivation (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.48,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), which was positively associated with psychological resilience (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.42,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) and quality of life (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.27,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Green facility exposure\/use (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.18,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) and smart facility\/technology interaction (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.12,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) were positively associated with physical activity. Perceived stress was negatively associated with psychological resilience (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01) and quality of life (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.29,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01). Indirect associations linked physical activity with quality of life through sport motivation and psychological resilience.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Green and smart exercise contexts may support physical activity and related motivational and psychological processes. Because the study was cross-sectional, the findings should be interpreted as associations rather than causal effects. Nature-based and technology-supported opportunities may inform sports-environment planning and public-health strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1908291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:49:03Z","timestamp":1784695743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Move in nature, get strong with smart sports: physical activity habits and health-related psychological factors among adults exercising in green and smart sports environments"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mahmut","family":"Ulukan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisanur","family":"Bing\u00f6lbal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, F\u0131rat University","place":["Elaz\u0131\u011f, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Tuncer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of National Education","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130zzet","family":"Karakulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mardin Artuklu University","place":["Mardin, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerim","family":"R\u00fczgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iluh Anatolian High School, Ministry of National Education","place":["Batman, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okan","family":"Sar\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of National Education","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Ko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of National Education","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ilk\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Education for the Disabled, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Inonu University","place":["Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130smail","family":"Belli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hali\u00e7 University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faik","family":"\u00d6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Avrasya University","place":["Trabzon, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"Ceylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hitit University","place":["\u00c7orum, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13452","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13452","article-title":"Time use and physical activity: global shifts toward sedentary lifestyles","volume":"23","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c200017","article-title":"Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic 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