{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:25:33Z","timestamp":1787117133593,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health-risk behaviors (HRBs) frequently co-occur during adolescence and are associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. This study aimed to identify latent classes of HRBs and examine the associations of psychological resilience (PR) and self-control (SC) with class membership.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2023, 11,407 students from 90 schools were recruited using multistage stratified cluster sampling. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of HRBs. Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine sociodemographic and psychological factors associated with class membership.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four latent classes were identified: the Low-Risk Group (45.6%), the Physical Inactivity\u2013Insufficient Sleep Group (21.8%), the Depressive Symptoms\u2013Self-Harm\u2013Picky Eating Group (26.3%), and the Multiple Health-Risk Behavior Group (6.4%). Relative to the Low-Risk Group, each one-point increase in psychological resilience was associated with a 3.4% reduction in the odds of membership in the Physical Inactivity\u2013Insufficient Sleep Group (OR\u202f=\u202f0.966, 95% CI: 0.957\u20130.976), a 6.6% reduction in the Depressive Symptoms\u2013Self-Harm\u2013Picky Eating Group (OR\u202f=\u202f0.934, 95% CI: 0.925\u20130.942), and a 4.2% reduction in the Multiple Health-Risk Behavior Group (OR\u202f=\u202f0.958, 95% CI: 0.945\u20130.972). Corresponding reductions in odds for self-control were 2.1% (OR\u202f=\u202f0.979, 95% CI: 0.973\u20130.986), 6.2% (OR\u202f=\u202f0.938, 95% CI: 0.932\u20130.943), and 8.8% (OR\u202f=\u202f0.912, 95% CI: 0.903\u20130.921). Male gender was associated with significantly elevated odds of membership in the Multiple Health-Risk Behavior Group (OR\u202f=\u202f2.275, 95% CI: 1.808\u20132.863), whereas rural residence was associated with lower odds of membership in the Physical Inactivity\u2013Insufficient Sleep Group (OR\u202f=\u202f0.530, 95% CI: 0.452\u20130.620) and the Depressive Symptoms\u2013Self-Harm\u2013Picky Eating Group (OR\u202f=\u202f0.645, 95% CI: 0.565\u20130.737).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chinese adolescents exhibited heterogeneous patterns of HRBs. Higher psychological resilience and self-control were independently associated with lower odds of membership in the three non-low-risk classes. These findings may inform class-specific prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1908835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T04:40:56Z","timestamp":1787114456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Latent class profiles of health-risk behaviors and the protective roles of psychological resilience and self-control in Chinese adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lvhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University","place":["Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University","place":["Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University","place":["Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University","place":["Guangxi, China"]},{"name":"College of Sports Science, Jishou University","place":["Jishou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chac.2007.01.005","article-title":"Nuances in early adolescent developmental trajectories of positive and problematic\/risk behaviors: findings from the 4-H study of positive youth development","volume":"16","author":"Phelps","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.43.3.12","article-title":"A latent class analysis of the co-occurrence of risk behaviors among adolescents","volume":"43","author":"Ahmadi-Montecalvo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.10.006","article-title":"The clustering of risk behaviours in adolescence and health consequences in middle age","volume":"77","author":"Akasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-20347-8","article-title":"Clustering lifestyle risk behaviors among Vietnamese adolescents and roles of school: a Bayesian multilevel analysis of global school-based student health survey 2019","volume":"25","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1490-9","article-title":"Demographic and socio-economic factors associated with multiple health risk behaviours among adolescents in Serbia: a cross sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Bori\u010di\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2014.05.007","article-title":"Multiple health risk behaviour in Czech adolescents: family, school and geographic factors","volume":"29","author":"K\u00e1\u017em\u00e9r","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-36","article-title":"Concurrent multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents in Luangnamtha province, Lao PDR","volume":"11","author":"Sychareun","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2020-1339","article-title":"Factors associated with risk behaviors in adolescence: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Bozzini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Bras Psiquiatr"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Adolescent Health and well-Being","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.07.018","article-title":"Which modifiable health risk behaviours are related? 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