{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:10:03Z","timestamp":1789567803881,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transgender youth are a highly vulnerabilized population, facing stigma, discrimination, family rejection, and social exclusion that elevate their risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Gender-affirming interventions-medical, psychological, social, and structural-have been proposed to improve health and wellbeing in this group, but evidence on their psychosocial and mental health impact remains scattered across heterogeneous contexts and intervention types. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize available evidence on psychosocial and mental health outcomes associated with gender-affirming interventions among transgender youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following JBI methodology and the PRISMA-ScR checklist, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL in August 2025 for peer-reviewed, English-language articles published between January 2011 and July 2025. Eligible studies addressed gender-affirming interventions or experiences among transgender and gender-diverse individuals and reported psychosocial or mental health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 1,207 records identified, 17 studies met eligibility criteria, comprising 123,428 participants (range: 15\u2013120,617 per study). Designs included prospective cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 7), cross-sectional (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 7), retrospective (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2), and qualitative (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1) studies, primarily from the US, UK, Australia, Sweden, Italy, and India. Evidence consistently linked gender-affirming interventions to improvements in quality of life, psychological wellbeing, emotional functioning, and social participation. Medical interventions (puberty suppression, hormone therapy, surgery) were generally associated with reduced depression, anxiety, distress, and suicidality, though one study found persistently elevated suicide risk decades post-surgery. Non-medical interventions-psychotherapy, family support, social transition, and community-based support-also improved mental health. Conversely, stigma, discrimination, family rejection, and structural healthcare barriers were consistently linked to poorer outcomes, particularly in studies from India.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender-affirming interventions are associated with improved psychosocial and mental health outcomes among transgender youth, but optimal wellbeing depends on more than medical intervention alone, requiring family support, inclusive education, affirmative healthcare systems, and supportive policy. Substantial gaps remain for non-Western, low- and middle-income, and non-binary\/gender-diverse populations, highlighting the need for research testing whether existing frameworks translate across sociocultural contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1910466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:46:06Z","timestamp":1789566366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychosocial and mental health outcomes associated with gender-affirming interventions among transgender youth: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Balaji","family":"Murugesan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Research, SRM Medical College and Hospital SRMIST","place":["Kattankulathur, 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