{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T06:08:10Z","timestamp":1788761290249,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public compliance with containment measures is important for effective pandemic governance, but willingness to comply may vary across residential contexts. This study examined compliance willingness with COVID-19 containment measures across rural, town, and urban areas in China and the factors associated with it within each setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using cross-sectional survey data from 985 respondents across three northern provinces of China, we compared compliance willingness across residential contexts using nonparametric tests. We also estimated hierarchical block-entry OLS regression models for the three subgroups and conducted pooled residence-by-predictor interaction tests to assess contextual heterogeneity formally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compliance willingness differed significantly across settings. Rural respondents reported higher willingness than town and urban respondents, although the absolute differences were modest. The subgroup models showed different within-context patterns of association, with government performance positively associated with compliance willingness in all three settings. Formal interaction tests indicated that between-context heterogeneity was concentrated in the institutional domain and specifically in the association between institutional trust and compliance willingness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings reveal selective heterogeneity in compliance willingness across residential contexts, particularly in the role of institutional trust.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1911656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T05:33:09Z","timestamp":1788759189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Not all areas are alike: willingness to comply with pandemic containment measures across residential contexts in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Linxu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/rego.12509","article-title":"Emotions, crisis, and institutions: explaining compliance with COVID-19 regulations","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Regul Gov"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/padm.12845","article-title":"Effects of local government social media use on citizen compliance during a crisis: evidence from the COVID-19 crisis in China","volume":"101","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public 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