{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:11:27Z","timestamp":1790143887415,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n The development of health education resources frequently relies on a top-down approach centered on scientific or institutional expertise, which may not always reflect the needs of end users. In a context marked by the emergence of the One Health concept and its forthcoming integration into French school curricula, the development of appropriate educational resources represents a major challenge. This study aimed to describe a participatory, iterative and co-constructive approach to the development of evidence-based educational resources within the e-Bug program.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Resource development followed a five-step process: needs assessment based on an evidence and context review, curriculum analysis and focus groups with teachers; resource design; prototype optimization through a second series of focus groups; scientific and institutional validation; and school-based piloting. Findings from the school-based evaluation are not reported in the present methodological study and will be presented separately. Qualitative data guided successive adaptations of the resources throughout the development process.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The identified needs led to the development of modular educational resources, adapted to different educational levels and readily usable in the classroom. Teacher feedback primarily concerned active learning approaches, content contextualization, activity modularity and the support provided to teachers, leading to further refinement of the resources. Scientific and institutional validation strengthened the accuracy of the content and supported its alignment with school curricula and public health priorities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study highlights the value of a participatory approach involving teachers, scientific experts and institutional stakeholders in the development of health education resources. Through this One Health case study, it provides an example of an evidence-based methodology designed to enhance the relevance, acceptability and usability of educational resources intended for school settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1912836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:50:01Z","timestamp":1790142601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing evidence-based health education resources: a participatory and iterative approach applied to the one health concept"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Laure","family":"Hermet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital","place":["Nice, France"]},{"name":"UR2CA-RESPECT, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur","place":["Nice, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Coraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital","place":["Nice, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelie","family":"Descamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital","place":["Nice, France"]},{"name":"Nice Academy, Ministry of National Education","place":["Nice, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Touboul-Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital","place":["Nice, France"]},{"name":"UR2CA-RESPECT, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur","place":["Nice, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/15.3.259","article-title":"Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century","volume":"15","author":"Nutbeam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1360-y","article-title":"The World Health Organization\u2019s health promoting schools framework: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Langford","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"One Health Joint Plan of Action, 2022\u20132026. Working Together for the Health of Humans, Animals, Plants and the Environment","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e033516","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033516","article-title":"Guidance for reporting intervention development studies in health research (GUIDED): an evidence-based consensus study","volume":"10","author":"Duncan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v23","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr133","article-title":"Development of an educational resource on microbes, hygiene and prudent antibiotic use for junior and senior school children","volume":"66","author":"Lecky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n2061","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2061","article-title":"A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of medical research council guidance","volume":"374","author":"Skivington","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-020-0528-9","article-title":"Research co-design in health: a rapid overview of reviews","volume":"18","author":"Slattery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Res Pol Syst"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"e1010537","article-title":"One health: a new definition for a sustainable and healthy future","volume-title":"PLoS Pathog","author":"Adisasmito","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822865","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1822865","article-title":"Integrating the one health approach into school curricula: perceptions and educational needs of teachers in mainland France and New Caledonia","volume":"14","author":"Hermet","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq356","article-title":"Evaluation of E-bug, an educational pack, teaching about prudent antibiotic use and hygiene, in the Czech Republic, France and England","volume":"65","author":"Lecky","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v3","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr119","article-title":"Overview of E-bug: an antibiotic and hygiene educational resource for schools","volume":"66","author":"McNulty","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v67","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr128","article-title":"The E-bug project in France","volume":"66","author":"Touboul","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref18","year":""},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"ref20","year":""},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8410","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319030111","article-title":"Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics","volume":"111","author":"Freeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2015.1122533","article-title":"Foundations of game-based learning","volume":"50","author":"Plass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educ Psychol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2018.08.002","article-title":"Building a framework for the design and implementation of one health curricula in east and Central Africa: OHCEAs one health training modules development process","volume":"7","author":"Amuguni","year":"2019","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"A global consensus on tackling antimicrobial resistance through education","year":"2026"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1912836\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:50:03Z","timestamp":1790142603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1912836\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1912836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1912836","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"article-number":"1912836"}}