{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:07:38Z","timestamp":1788847658728,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Informal settlements in Chile\u2019s extractive cities concentrate structural vulnerability and exposure to multiple socio-natural hazards, including mass movement processes, flooding, and fires, among others. The article asks: how do different forms of social capital translate into differentiated capacities for resilience (coping, adaptive, transformative) in the face of the hazards confronting informal settlements in the mining city of Copiap\u00f3, Atacama Region? The discussion combines research methods applying semi-structured interviews with community leaders and institutional actors, and participatory mapping workshops aimed at identifying meeting points in the event of mass movement risk. Three findings emerge. First, bonding capital mobilizes labor, information, and resources\u2014housing committees, early-warning networks, and communal soup kitchens\u2014that sustain the response to hazards, but do not compensate for structural deficits in infrastructure and services. Second, linking capital distributes institutional access asymmetrically: settlements that are formally registered and hold active concessions specifically gain access to mitigation and regularization works, while unregistered settlements remain exposed, which explains why communities with similar levels of internal cohesion achieve markedly different adaptive capacities. Third, intersectoral coordination shows transformative potential with respect to mass movement risk, but remains underdeveloped for other hazards given bureaucratic fragmentation and the mismatch between institutional timelines and urgent needs. Community resilience thus emerges as a negotiated, culturally situated process, in which internal solidarity, gendered networks, and territorial belonging interact with\u2014and are obstructed by\u2014the institutional frameworks that govern access to disaster risk reduction resources. The policy implications point toward equity-sensitive approaches to linking capital that reduce asymmetries in institutional access without instrumentalizing community self-management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1914169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:34:17Z","timestamp":1788845657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social capital and community resilience to socio-natural hazards in informal settlements of Chile\u2019s extractive north: city of Copiap\u00f3, Atacama region, Chile"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yasna","family":"Contreras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Of Geography, University of Chile (FAU)","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"El Colegio de Mexico AC","place":["Santa Teresa, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability, and Disasters","author":"Blaikie","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Aluviones y Resiliencia en Atacama: Construyendo Saberes Sobre Riesgos y Desastres","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Aluviones y resiliencia en Atacama. Construyendo saberes sobre riesgos y desastres","author":"Vargas","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Aluviones y resiliencia en Atacama. Construyendo saberes sobre riesgos y desastres","author":"Castro","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experiencia y afrontamiento ante el riesgo aluvional: un modelo mediacional m\u00faltiple","volume":"1","author":"Sandoval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Latinoam Psicol Comunitaria"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7764\/psykhe.2019.22345","article-title":"Del afrontamiento colectivo al crecimiento postraum\u00e1tico comunitario: an\u00e1lisis mediacional del empoderamiento ante un desastre climatol\u00f3gico","volume":"31","author":"Sandoval","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psykhe (Santiago)"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Aluviones y resiliencia en Atacama","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.15446\/rcdg.v28n2.73520","article-title":"Justicia espacial, desastres socionaturales y pol\u00edticas del espacio: din\u00e1micas sociopol\u00edticas frente a los aluviones y proceso de recuperaci\u00f3n en Copiap\u00f3, Chile","volume":"28","author":"Astudillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cuad Geogr Rev Colomb Geogr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.55467\/reder.v5i2.79","article-title":"Dignificando la gesti\u00f3n de riesgo de desastres: liderazgos femeninos y estrategias comunitarias en el Campamento Dignidad, Santiago de Chile","volume":"5","author":"Acu\u00f1a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Estud Latinoam Reduccion Riesgo Desastr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-34022022000100113","article-title":"Territorio informal. Una nueva lectura del acceso a la vivienda y al suelo en Chile","volume":"81","author":"Contreras","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Geogr Norte Gd"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Catastro Nacional de Campamentos","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Catastro de Asentamientos Informales 2024\u20132025","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Interpretations of Calamity: From the Viewpoint of Human Ecology","author":"Hewitt","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/napa.12089","article-title":"Disaster risk reduction and applied anthropology","volume":"40","author":"Oliver-Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Anthropol Pract"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Una Epistemolog\u00eda del Sur: La Reinvenci\u00f3n del Conocimiento y la Emancipaci\u00f3n Social","author":"Santos","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2018.01.032","article-title":"Conceptual framework for motivating actions towards disaster preparedness through risk communication","volume":"212","author":"Abunyewah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Viviendo en riesgo: comunidades vulnerables y prevenci\u00f3n de desastres en Am\u00e9rica Latina","author":"Lavell","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"11","article-title":"El riesgo como construcci\u00f3n social y la construcci\u00f3n social de riesgos","volume":"19","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Desacatos"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015\u20132030","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137367433_5","volume-title":"The City in Urban Poverty","author":"Lombard","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"106189","article-title":"Sociopolitical construction of disaster risk in informal settlements (SoPoCoDRIS): evidence from extractive cities in northern Chile","volume-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct","author":"Contreras","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education","author":"Bourdieu","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1086\/228943","article-title":"Social capital in the creation of human capital","volume":"94","author":"Coleman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy","author":"Putnam","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community","author":"Putnam","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1086\/225469","article-title":"The strength of weak ties","volume":"78","author":"Granovetter","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh013","article-title":"Health by association? Social capital, social theory, and the political economy of public health","volume":"33","author":"Szreter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/wbro\/15.2.225","article-title":"Social capital: implications for development theory, research, and policy","volume":"15","author":"Woolcock","year":"2000","journal-title":"World Bank Res Obs"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.24.1.1","article-title":"Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology","volume":"24","author":"Portes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu Rev Sociol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226012896.001.0001","volume-title":"Building Resilience: Social Capital in Post-Disaster Recovery","author":"Aldrich","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764214550299","article-title":"Social capital and community resilience","volume":"59","author":"Aldrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-007-9156-6","article-title":"Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness","volume":"41","author":"Norris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-03610-150420","article-title":"Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability","volume":"15","author":"Folke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol Soc"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.04.110173.000245","article-title":"Resilience and stability of ecological systems","volume":"4","author":"Holling","year":"1973","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Syst"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/08941920.2012.736605","article-title":"Community resilience: toward an integrated approach","volume":"26","author":"Berkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Nat Resour"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1080\/08941920903305674","article-title":"Community resilience: an indicator of social sustainability","volume":"23","author":"Magis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Nat Resour"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839.2011.583049","article-title":"Disaster resilience: a bounce back or bounce forward ability?","volume":"16","author":"Manyena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Local Environ"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation","author":"Pelling","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.174365","article-title":"The concept of resilience revisited","volume":"58","author":"Manyena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-010-9499-4","article-title":"Vulnerability, resilience and development discourses in context of climate change","volume":"55","author":"Cannon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1466138108099586","article-title":"How many cases do I need? on science and the logic of case selection in field-based research","volume":"10","author":"Small","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ethnography"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"Censo de Poblaci\u00f3n y Vivienda","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013","article-title":"A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters","volume":"18","author":"Cutter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glob Environ Change"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/disa.12209","article-title":"Beyond men and women: a critical perspective on gender and disaster","volume":"41","author":"Gaillard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disasters"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3112\/erdkunde.2013.01.02","article-title":"What is social resilience? Lessons learned and ways forward","volume":"67","author":"Keck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Erdkunde"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1914169\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:34:22Z","timestamp":1788845662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1914169\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1914169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1914169","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"article-number":"1914169"}}