{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:04:38Z","timestamp":1793639078741,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine sex-related differences in depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and perceived workplace discrimination among workers in a large-scale mining company in Chile, considering these outcomes as indicators of occupational wellbeing and sustainable work from a human-centered and organizational ergonomics perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2024, including both direct employees and contractor workers from a large-scale mining company. Data were collected through an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic and occupational variables, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), and a discrimination questionnaire developed by the authors. Overall and sex-specific prevalence estimates were calculated. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 712 participants, 79.9% were men and 20.1% were women. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 \u226510) was 8.3%, with a significantly higher prevalence among women (14.5%) than men (6.8%) (adjusted PR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.01\u20133.25). Psychological distress (K6 \u22657) was reported by 15.2% of workers and was more prevalent among women (21.2%) than men (13.8%) (adjusted PR = 1.30; 95% (0.85\u20131.97). Perceived workplace discrimination was reported by 13.6% of participants and was also more common among women (18.5%) than men (12.4%) (adjusted PR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.04\u20132.68).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and perceived workplace discrimination among women compared with men working in the large-scale mining sector. However, only the differences in depressive symptoms and perceived workplace discrimination remained statistically significant after adjustment for sociodemographic and occupational factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1917074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:56:21Z","timestamp":1786514181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex differences in depressive symptoms, psychological distress and workplace discrimination among workers in Chilean large-scale mining: implications for human-centered ergonomics and sustainable work"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Bravo-Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Salud P\u00fablica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor Ignacio","family":"Castellucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudio del Trabajo y Factores Humanos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Fuentes-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Salud P\u00fablica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, U. 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