{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:54:50Z","timestamp":1788555290499,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an effective strategy for preventing cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases, yet uptake among young adults remains suboptimal. College students may hold heterogeneous vaccine-related beliefs that are not fully captured by variable-centered analyses. This study aimed to identify latent profiles of HPV vaccine-related health beliefs among Chinese college students and examine their associations with HPV vaccine knowledge, social support and perceived service accessibility, e-health literacy, vaccination intention, and uptake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,755 Chinese college students recruited from five universities across Shandong and Guangdong provinces. HPV vaccine-related health beliefs were measured across five Health Belief Model dimensions: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model guided the selection of HPV vaccine knowledge, social support and perceived service accessibility, and e-health literacy as correlates. Latent profile analysis was used to identify belief-based subgroups. Between-profile differences were examined using\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests and chi-square tests, with effect sizes reported. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with membership in the more favorable profile.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two profiles were identified: a high-barrier\/moderate-benefit profile (74.0%) and a high-benefit\/low-barrier profile (26.0%). Compared with the high-barrier\/moderate-benefit profile, the high-benefit\/low-barrier profile had higher HPV vaccine knowledge (6.54 vs. 4.61), social support and perceived service accessibility (3.55 vs. 3.26), e-health literacy (4.00 vs. 3.51), vaccination intention (3.96 vs. 3.43), and vaccination uptake (24.6% vs. 15.3%; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Female sex, active information seeking, higher HPV vaccine knowledge, and higher e-health literacy were associated with greater odds of belonging to the high-benefit\/low-barrier profile. E-health literacy showed the strongest adjusted association.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chinese college students showed distinct HPV vaccine-related health belief profiles. Most students recognized some benefits of HPV vaccination but reported substantial barriers. HPV vaccine knowledge, active information seeking, and e-health literacy were associated with more favorable belief profiles and may be considered potential targets for future health education interventions. Given the cross-sectional design, causal relationships cannot be inferred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1918113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:37:25Z","timestamp":1785217045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Latent profiles of HPV vaccine-related health beliefs and their associations with vaccination intention among college students: a global health perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ya","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Heze Hospital (Heze Municipal Hospital)","place":["Heze, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital (The Affiliated Hospital of Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University)","place":["Zhuhai, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Heze Hospital (Heze Municipal Hospital)","place":["Heze, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuicui","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Heze Hospital (Heze Municipal Hospital)","place":["Heze, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Heze Hospital (Heze Municipal Hospital)","place":["Heze, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Heze Hospital (Heze Municipal Hospital)","place":["Heze, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingli","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Heze Hospital (Heze Municipal Hospital)","place":["Heze, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyi","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Industry Department, College of Health Industry, Xiamen Donghai Vocational and Technical College","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenming","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050680","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and associated cancers: a review","volume":"16","author":"Jensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29050303","article-title":"HPV vaccination: an underused strategy for the prevention of cancer","volume":"29","author":"Shapiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer as a Public Health Problem","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e333","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(26)00004-5","article-title":"Understanding the WHO global strategy to accelerate cervical cancer elimination","volume":"14","author":"Defo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"645","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper","volume":"97","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70149","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.70149","article-title":"Global vaccine confidence at a crossroads: immunisation coverage declines, misinformation, and the future of vaccine policy","volume":"36","author":"Sophian","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0006151","article-title":"Availability of Hib, pneumococcal, rotavirus, and HPV vaccines in China: implication for equity in access to immunization services","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510193","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1510193","article-title":"Analysis of factors influencing HPV vaccination intention among Chinese college students: structural equation modeling based on health belief theory","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16299-5","article-title":"Factors influencing HPV vaccination willingness among male college students in Jinan according to the health belief model","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627669","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1627669","article-title":"Factors associated with reproductive health and health education participation among female college students in China","volume":"13","author":"Zhuang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12121385","article-title":"HPV vaccines among university students: understanding barriers and facilitators of vaccine uptake","volume":"12","author":"Malik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.12.016","article-title":"Unlocking the key to HPV prevention: exploring factors influencing HPV vaccination decisions among young people and their parents","volume":"238","author":"\u00c7evik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101514","article-title":"Factors influencing HPV vaccine acceptance among females in mainland China: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Dapari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.18502\/jfrh.v17i1.11975","article-title":"Evaluating the health belief model constructs in adopting the HPV preventive behavior","volume":"17","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Family Reprod Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75818","DOI":"10.2196\/75818","article-title":"Using the health belief model to examine parental knowledge and health beliefs about human papilloma virus (HPV) and iHPV vaccine in Kuwait: cross-sectional survey study","volume":"11","author":"Abuzoor","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-026-04821-z","article-title":"Perceptions of HPV vaccination: a qualitative study with adolescents, parents, school staff, and pharmacists","volume":"24","author":"Houtin","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2026.128471","article-title":"Gender differences in HPV vaccine hesitancy among college students: implications for targeted health education strategies","volume":"79","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12070746","article-title":"A systematic review of human papillomavirus vaccination challenges and strategies to enhance uptake","volume":"12","author":"Tobaiqy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64489","DOI":"10.2196\/64489","article-title":"eHealth literacy and its outcomes among postsecondary students: systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.70093","article-title":"Impact of health education on knowledge and sexually transmitted infections prevention in young married women: quasi-experimental study","volume":"43","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-025-00596-5","article-title":"Representing subpopulations with latent profile analysis: a non-technical introduction using exercisers\u2019 goal orientation adoption profiles","volume":"49","author":"Moore","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2020.103445","article-title":"Latent profile analysis: a review and \u201chow to\u201d guide of its application within vocational behavior research","volume":"120","author":"Spurk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vocat Behav"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67370","DOI":"10.2196\/67370","article-title":"Greater improvements in vaccination outcomes among black young adults with vaccine-resistant attitudes in the United States south following a digital health intervention: latent profile analysis of a randomized control trial","volume":"11","author":"Mancuso","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Vaccine Acceptance Among African American and Black Adults in South Central Los Angeles: A Latent Profile Analysis Study","author":"Fields","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-25626-4","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and vaccine knowledge, willingness, and uptake among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796545","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1796545","article-title":"Urban\u2013rural disparities in HPV vaccination knowledge, willingness, and uptake among women in the Tibet autonomous region: a multi-center cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462722","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1462722","article-title":"Understanding cultural perceptions of sexuality in China and their influence on human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2026.2624671","article-title":"From knowledge to action: effects of HPV knowledge, HPV vaccine attitude, gender, and HPV vaccine safety concerns on HPV vaccination intent","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8.4.e27","article-title":"eHEALS: the eHealth literacy scale","volume":"8","author":"Norman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-024-02370-6","article-title":"The impact of vaccine access difficulties on HPV vaccine intention and uptake among female university students in China","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747976","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1747976","article-title":"Risk perception and influenza vaccine hesitancy among university students in Saudi Arabia","volume":"17","author":"Alnezary","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616943","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2026.2616943","article-title":"Influenza vaccine hesitancy in older adults in China: a latent profile analysis","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14010073","article-title":"Impact of social media on HPV vaccine knowledge and attitudes among adolescents and young adults: a systematic literature review","volume":"14","author":"Apata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70460","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70460","article-title":"The impact of social media addiction on vaccine hesitancy among nursing students: testing an empirical model","volume":"13","author":"Nichol","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50210","DOI":"10.2196\/50210","article-title":"Digital personal health coaching platform for promoting human papillomavirus infection vaccinations and cancer prevention: knowledge graph-based recommendation system","volume":"7","author":"Ammar","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70171","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.70171","article-title":"Impact of male human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and HPV-related diseases: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Beltrame","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230109","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1230109","article-title":"Gender analysis of the World Health Organization online learning program on immunization agenda 2030","volume":"4","author":"Nyasulu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Glob Women's Health"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-025-02669-y","article-title":"Revisiting HPV vaccination post-COVID: geopolitical, sociocultural, and ethical disparities in global health","volume":"24","author":"Sad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13050445","article-title":"The role of internet information on anti-HPV vaccines: a comprehensive overview of a double-edged sword","volume":"13","author":"Giannella","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525547","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1525547","article-title":"Examining the impact of sex-biased information on health behaviors: a study of HPV vaccination among male college students based on the extended theory of planned behavior","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839910369995","article-title":"Where do college students get health information? Believability and use of health information sources","volume":"12","author":"Vader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Promot Pract"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21394-3","article-title":"A grounded theory study on medical students\u2019 proxy online health information seeking behavior","volume":"25","author":"Minghao","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"176","article-title":"Social media use, digital literacy, and counseling effectiveness as predictors of reproductive health knowledge among medical students: an educational management perspective","volume":"5","author":"Mahama","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Technol. Educ."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0326575","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326575","article-title":"Exploring perceptions of health literacy, healthcare access, and utilisation among higher education students in Alentejo, southern Portugal: a qualitative study","volume":"20","author":"Ros\u00e1rio","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2025.100716","article-title":"Exploring the mediating roles of stigma and perceived social support between health literacy and health care decision-making barriers among patients with cervical cancer","volume":"12","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s40944-021-00535-7","article-title":"Current experience in HPV vaccination in China","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-025-01067-3","article-title":"Identifying vaccine-hesitant subgroups in the Western Pacific using latent class analysis","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1918113\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:37:27Z","timestamp":1785217047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1918113\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1918113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1918113","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"article-number":"1918113"}}