{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:26:39Z","timestamp":1787030799697,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n During Shanghai's COVID-19 lockdown, college students relied heavily on mobile phones for study, communication, and everyday activities, while normal campus routines and face-to-face contact were sharply restricted. Although problematic mobile phone use, loneliness, and life satisfaction have each received considerable research attention, less is known about how they were related under these unusual conditions. This study therefore examined their cross-sectional associations and evaluated whether loneliness statistically accounted for part of the association between problematic mobile phone use and life satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 1,311 freshmen and sophomores from seven public undergraduate colleges in Shanghai during the 2022 lockdown. PMPU, loneliness, and life satisfaction were assessed using validated scales. Pearson correlations and covariate-adjusted ordinary least squares mediation analyses were performed, with indirect associations estimated using 5,000 percentile bootstrap resamples. Sensitivity analyses examined alternative model specifications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n PMPU was positively correlated with loneliness (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.233,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001) and negatively correlated with life satisfaction (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.220,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001); loneliness was also negatively correlated with life satisfaction (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.476,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001). In the covariate-adjusted model, PMPU was associated with greater loneliness (\n a<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.205,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001), whereas loneliness was associated with lower life satisfaction (\n b<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.281,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001). The indirect association was \u22120.058 [95% bootstrap CI (\u22120.073, \u22120.043)], accounting statistically for 45.9% of the total association. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar estimates, although the alternative-direction model also showed a non-zero indirect association.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Greater PMPU was associated with lower life satisfaction among college students surveyed during the Shanghai lockdown, with loneliness statistically accounting for part of this association. However, the cross-sectional design and the non-zero indirect association in the alternative-direction model preclude conclusions about temporal ordering or causal mediation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1925515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:25Z","timestamp":1787027305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Problematic mobile phone use, loneliness, and life satisfaction among college students during the COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai: a cross-sectional mediation analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qiong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Business School","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macau","place":["Macao SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Business School","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junpeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianda College of Economics and Humanities, Shanghai International Studies University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9020222","article-title":"Assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 among college students: evidence from 15 countries","volume":"9","author":"Batra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20839","article-title":"A pandemic of social isolation?","volume":"20","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03615-2","article-title":"Changes in mental health during three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study among Polish university students","volume":"21","author":"Rogowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"The 44th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China.","year":"2019"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1083-3","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone use in a large random sample of Chinese undergraduates","volume":"16","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.035","article-title":"What type of content are smartphone users addicted to? 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