{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:07:59Z","timestamp":1789967279796,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived community exercise environment and loneliness among middle-aged and older adults in China, investigate the roles of social support and physical activity, and identify distinct environmental perception profiles and key nodes through latent profile analysis and network analysis, thereby providing evidence on factors associated with loneliness in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from March to April 2026 in community parks, squares, and other public exercise spaces across multiple cities in China. A total of 866 valid responses were included. Participants completed measures of perceived community exercise environment, social support, physical activity, and loneliness. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, serial mediation analysis, latent profile analysis, and network analysis were used for data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perceived community exercise environment was negatively associated with loneliness and positively associated with social support and physical activity. Social support and physical activity were both negatively associated with loneliness. Serial mediation analysis indicated indirect statistical associations through social support and physical activity, both separately and sequentially. Latent profile analysis identified an environmentally disadvantaged profile and an environmentally advantaged profile. The environmentally disadvantaged profile accounted for 10.51% of the sample and was characterized by lower levels of social support and physical activity and higher loneliness. Network analysis showed that social loneliness and emotional loneliness had the strongest connection. Physical activity, environmental accessibility, and management and maintenance showed relatively strong negative connections with loneliness-related nodes, while social support-related nodes showed relatively high expected influence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Better perceived community exercise environment was associated with lower loneliness, higher social support, and greater physical activity among middle-aged and older adults in China. The findings suggest that community exercise environments should be understood as multidimensional community resources linked to loneliness through social, behavioral, and environmental associations. Accessible, safe, comfortable, and well-maintained public exercise spaces, together with opportunities for group-based activity and social connection, may be associated with active aging and thereby with psychological wellbeing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1925992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:28:59Z","timestamp":1789964939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived community exercise environment and loneliness among middle-aged and older adults in China: psychosocial-behavioral associations, latent profiles, and network analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Junjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Ankang University","place":["Ankang, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University","place":["Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities","place":["Duyun, Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xikui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Ankang University","place":["Ankang, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmao","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Shandong University of Engineering and Vocational Technology","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Statistical communiqu\u00e9 of the People's Republic of China on the 2024 national economic and social development","year":"2025"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"China moves to upgrade \u201c15-min community life circles\u201d to facilitate urban living","year":"2025"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425338","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1425338","article-title":"Urban green spaces and resident health: an empirical analysis from data across 30 provinces in China","volume":"12","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Social isolation and loneliness","year":"2025"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04611-9","article-title":"Loneliness among older Chinese individuals: the status quo and relationships with activity-related factors","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"Decision on implementing the gradual delay of the statutory retirement age [Online]\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102100","article-title":"An ecological approach to creating active living communities","volume":"27","author":"Sallis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0558-z","article-title":"Built environmental correlates of older adults' total physical activity and walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Barnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Global age-friendly cities: a guide","year":"2007"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/26892618.2025.2534957","article-title":"The Relationship of Neighborhood Accessibility and Community Participation with Quality of Life and Loneliness Among Older Adults","author":"Segev-Jacubovski","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Aging Environ"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"igaf006","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaf006","volume":"9","author":"Lam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Standard for Urban Residential Area Planning and Design (GB 50180-2018)","year":"2018"},{"key":"B13","volume-title":"General Code for Accessibility of Buildings and Municipal Engineering (GB 55019-2021)","year":"2021"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2025.128726","article-title":"City walk or nature walk? 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