{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:08:50Z","timestamp":1789016930871,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mountain outdoor physical activities generate accidents, traumatic injuries, acute illnesses, fatalities, navigation failures, environmental exposures, technical entrapments, and search-and-rescue or evacuation demands. This review mapped the international empirical evidence and examined how activity-specific incidents become rescue-system burdens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following JBI guidance and PRISMA-ScR, we searched PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and EBSCOhost for primary studies published between 1 January 2005 and 1 August 2026, without language restrictions. Eligible studies reported accidents, injuries, illnesses, fatalities, rescues, or evacuations in mountain, alpine, high-altitude, wilderness, snow, trail, or canyon settings. Data were charted on study characteristics, activities, exposures, outcomes, and rescue features. Methodological quality was assessed using appropriate JBI checklists or PROBAST, followed by descriptive and thematic synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-six studies were included. All 66 reported an explicit participant, casualty, mission, event, or case count, but most did not provide a comparable participation-exposure denominator. Walking and endurance activities were dominated by falls, exhaustion, navigation failure, and non-traumatic illness; vertical and technical activities by falls from height, protection or descent errors, and entrapment; high-speed and mechanically assisted activities by high-energy trauma; winter and avalanche activities by collision, burial, and time-critical rescue; and canyoning by combined trauma, drowning, hypothermia, and difficult evacuation. Uninjured rescue, inaccurate location, environmental amplification, and prolonged extraction recurred across activity groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mountain emergencies extend beyond injury to encompass illness, environmental exposure, navigation failure, technical entrapment, and uninjured rescue. They can be conceptualized as a descriptive rather than causal pathway from preparation and exposure to event onset, response, evacuation, and outcomes. Heterogeneous definitions and limited exposure denominators hinder cross-activity comparisons; priorities include standardized measures, linked rescue\u2013clinical datasets, and prospective intervention evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1930989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:29:17Z","timestamp":1789014557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From injury events to rescue burden: accident patterns, health outcomes, and prevention in mountain outdoor physical activities\u2014a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Sport University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fateh","family":"Zereg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Sport University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoqin","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Normal University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5672\/apunts.2014-0983.cat.(2016\/2).124.08","article-title":"Adventure physical activities in nature (APAN): review of the taxonomy (1995\u20132015) and tables for classification and identification of practices","volume":"124","author":"Olivera Betr\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Apunts Educ Fis Esports"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.53353\/atrss.1017301","article-title":"Examining mountaineering as an outdoor leisure activity: a qualitative study","volume":"5","author":"Erta\u015f","year":"2022","journal-title":"GSI J. 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