{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:16:51Z","timestamp":1788419811884,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Policing is a highly stressful occupation, with considerable implications for officers' mental health and wellbeing. Despite increasing research on police stress, there remains a critical need for culturally relevant and up-to-date measurement tools, particularly in Eastern countries like China. This study aimed to develop and validate a revised version of the Police Stress Scale (PSS)\u2014the Revised Chinese Public Security Police Stressors Scale (CPSPSS-R)\u2014a tool assessing stressors affecting Chinese public security police officers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CPSPSS-R was developed using qualitative interviews with 30 police officers and a subsequent psychometric evaluation involving 1,194 in-service officers. The final scale comprised 37 items across four dimensions: excessive workload, lack of skill, organizational issues, and work\u2013family conflict.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CPSPSS-R demonstrated excellent reliability and validity, with confirmatory factor analysis supporting the four-factor structure (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/df = 3.76, TLI = 0.916, CFI = 0.922, SRMR = 0.048, RMSEA = 0.070). The scale also found significant correlations between stressors and demographic variables, including age, gender, rank, and educational level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the demand for differentiated, subgroup-specific stress interventions for police officers. As a psychometrically sound and culturally appropriate scale for evaluating stressors experienced by Chinese public security police officers, the CPSPSS-R yields evidence to enhance police management systems and advance police officers' overall wellbeing. More importantly, this scale establishes a vital assessment framework to detect impairments in police officers' psychological adaptation to occupational strain, supporting the design of precise psychological intervention strategies that maintain their long-term mental well-being under constant work-related stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1932210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:45:18Z","timestamp":1788417918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validating and applying a multidimensional scale to measure public security police stressors in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jue","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience and Abnormal Psychology Laboratory, Department of Penalty Execution, Fujian Police College","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition and Personality, Minnan Normal University","place":["Zhangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhua","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience and Abnormal Psychology Laboratory, Department of Penalty Execution, Fujian Police College","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghui","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Courses, Fujian Police College","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Training, Fujian Provincial Department of Public Security","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narcotics Control Research Center of Southeastern China, Fujian Police College","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2023.0385","article-title":"Stress inoculation in police officers using virtual reality: a controlled study","volume":"27","author":"Gamito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Network."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12366","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12366","article-title":"Development and validation of police mental health ability scale","volume":"64","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Occup Health."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00587","article-title":"Burnout and stress measurement in police officers: literature review and a study with the operational police stress questionnaire","volume":"11","author":"Queir\u00f3s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1037\/t63568-000","article-title":"Development of the occupational stressor scale for Chinese public- security police officers","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Ment Health J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1098611120984162","article-title":"Police officer stress and coping in a stress-awareness era","volume":"24","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Police Quart."},{"key":"B6","first-page":"191","article-title":"Psychiatric screening of police recruits","volume":"20","author":"Rankin","year":"1959","journal-title":"Public Person Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3286","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3286","article-title":"Translating and validating the sources of pressure scale: job stressors among Chinese government employees","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stress Health."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5901\/mjss.2013.v4n10p480","article-title":"Measuring the immeasurable! 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