{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:56:13Z","timestamp":1792788973247,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Education of Gansu Province","award":["2024 CXPT-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024 CXPT-11"]}]},{"name":"Key Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering","award":["2025-XZ-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-XZ-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00z3yke57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52467026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52467026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review, electromagnetic security gates include walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs), electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems, radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems, and millimeter-wave (MMW) security screening systems. These technologies are widely used in public-security screening, theft prevention, access control, and industrial inspection, making electromagnetic-exposure safety a public-health concern. This review traces their technological development, summarizes operating principles and emission characteristics, and examines potential biological effects of electromagnetic-field exposure. It also reviews exposure-assessment methods and applies an adapted evidence-appraisal framework to synthesize experimental, numerical, and epidemiological evidence, evaluate interactions with active medical devices and passive metallic implants, and assess evidence strength and limitations. Particular attention is given to potentially susceptible populations and frequency-specific exposure metrics. Major evidence gaps and future research priorities are identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1935419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:50:58Z","timestamp":1789732258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electromagnetic exposure safety assessment of electromagnetic security gates: a review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Weijiang","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-200305000-00003","article-title":"Characterization of the magnetic fields around walk-through and hand-held metal detectors","volume":"84","author":"Boivin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.21850","article-title":"Occupational exposure to intermediate frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields among personnel working near electronic article surveillance systems","volume":"35","author":"Roivainen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/4\/009","article-title":"Comparison of SAR and induced current densities in adults and children exposed to 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