{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:15:15Z","timestamp":1788498915050,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Badminton is widely promoted as a lifelong physical activity, yet repetitive forward lunges performed under fatigue may increase the risk of knee injury, particularly among recreational female players. Although fatigue-related changes in lower-limb biomechanics have been reported, their influence on tissue-level knee loading remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of fatigue on lower-limb biomechanics and internal knee loading during the badminton forehand forward lunge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A within-subject repeated-measures experimental design was used. Sixteen recreational female badminton players performed standardized forehand forward lunges before and after a fatigue protocol. Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics were collected using a motion capture system and force platform. Time-varying biomechanical differences across the stance phase were analyzed using one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping. A subject-specific finite element model was developed to evaluate stress and strain in the patellofemoral cartilage, menisci, and anterior cruciate ligament under the peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) loading condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fatigue induced alterations in lower limb biomechanics throughout the stance phase (%), including reduced knee flexion (2.6\u201316.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.02, 54.8\u201365.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.03) and ankle dorsiflexion (0.0\u201336.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01) with increased ankle eversion (69.0\u201393.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01). At the peak vGRF instant, hip abduction decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01), whereas knee varus angle (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.02) and internal valgus moment increased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.04). Finite element analysis demonstrated greater loading of passive knee tissues after fatigue, with patellar cartilage contact pressure increasing by 16.4%, patellar cartilage von Mises stress by 19.3%, medial meniscal stress by 5.5%, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) stress and maximum principal strain by 7.4 and 18.4%, respectively. In addition, the regions of peak ACL stress and strain shifted toward the femoral attachment after fatigue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fatigue altered lower limb biomechanics and increased passive knee tissues during the badminton forehand forward lunge in recreational female players, indicating a less favorable mechanical environment for the knee under fatigued condition. Recognition of these biomechanical changes may help reduce knee injury risk and support long-term badminton participation among recreational female players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1936430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:24:31Z","timestamp":1788495871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lower limb biomechanics and knee tissue loading under fatigue during the badminton forward lunge in recreational female players"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiankai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maosheng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guszt\u00e1v","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audi Hung\u00e1ria Faculty of Engineering, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University","place":["Gy\u0151r, Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaodong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University","place":["Ningbo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5397656","article-title":"Comparison of joint loading in badminton lunging between professional and amateur 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