{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:02:46Z","timestamp":1789970566285,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Place Standard Tool Children\u2019s Version (PST-C) lets children evaluate the quality of places where they live. Developed in Scotland and adapted in over a dozen countries, it had no validated Italian version. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Italian PST-C within a case study of the national research programme PNC E.1 \u201cSalute, Ambiente, Biodiversit\u00e0 e Clima\u201d (PNC Clima).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sample of 131 children attending the last 2\u202fyears of primary school and the first 2\u202fyears of middle school (69 boys, 62 girls, aged 9 to 12\u202fyears) completed the 14-item instrument on a three-point ordinal scale. Psychometric evaluation included floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 and McDonald\u2019s \u03c9), structural validity from polychoric correlations, item functioning under Samejima\u2019s graded response model, known-groups validity. Translation equivalence was evaluated using both conventional expert review procedures and multilingual sentence embeddings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Internal consistency was good: \u03b1\u202f=\u202f0.83 (95% CI [0.77, 0.87]) and \u03c9\u202f=\u202f0.86 (95% CI [0.82, 0.89]). Parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFI\u202f=\u202f0.904, RMSEA\u202f=\u202f0.058) supported a unidimensional structure, with all polychoric loadings \u2265 0.42. Semantic equivalence between versions was high (mean cosine similarity\u202f=\u202f0.86). Two findings warrant caution: all items showed ceiling effects above the 15% threshold, and no known-group differences survived correction for multiple testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combining COSMIN-based validation, item response theory and AI-based semantic equivalence, the Italian PST-C provides a reliable measure of perceived place quality in children. Future studies should evaluate an expanded response scale and confirm these findings in larger, more diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1947358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:35:17Z","timestamp":1789968917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric properties of the Italian Place Standard Tool for Children: validation in primary school children within the PNC Clima national programme"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pandolfo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Economics, Business and Statistics (dSEAS), University of Palermo (UNIPA)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Perri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo (UNIPA)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giustino","family":"Carlino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Culture and Society, University of Palermo (UNIPA)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Alfano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Torta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Business and Statistics (dSEAS), University of Palermo (UNIPA)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Marina","family":"Montalbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giusy Daniela","family":"Albano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bonomolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito Michele Rosario","family":"Muggeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Business and Statistics (dSEAS), University of Palermo (UNIPA)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"La Grutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velia","family":"Malizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR)","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2015.01.005","article-title":"The influence of the neighborhood physical environment on early child health and development: a review and call for research","volume":"33","author":"Christian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2015.09.006","article-title":"Can the neighborhood built environment make a difference in children\u2019s development? 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