{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:54:33Z","timestamp":1791266073281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaccination intentions reflect both vaccine-specific attitudes and cognitive, social, and practical conditions. This study aimed to identify shared and vaccine-specific factors associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccination intentions among adults in Poland using a Capability, Opportunity, Motivation\u2013Behavior (COM-B) model-informed comparative approach and to assess the incremental contribution of vaccine hesitancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional computer-assisted web survey was conducted in May 2026 among 3,000 adults recruited from a national online panel using quota controls for age, sex, education, place of residence, and macroregion. Measures included a COM-B-informed item set, the Polish Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the short version of European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, the Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire, and sociodemographic, health-related, political, religious, and social media variables. The item set was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in independent subsamples, followed by theory-ordered hierarchical logistic regression,\n                      <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and sensitivity analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intention was reported by 18.2% of respondents for COVID-19 vaccination and 31.5% for influenza vaccination. Psychometric analyses supported retention of three theory-defined COM-B domain indicators, although Capability and Opportunity showed limited empirical separation. Capability was positively associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccination intentions (OR\u202f=\u202f1.31 and 1.74, respectively), as was Motivation (OR\u202f=\u202f2.64 and 1.56). Opportunity showed inverse adjusted associations (OR\u202f=\u202f0.72 and 0.73). Vaccine hesitancy added explanatory value in both models and showed a nonlinear association with influenza intention. Political preference showed a vaccine-specific pattern: compared with supporters of Law and Justice, supporters of the far-right Confederation party had lower odds of COVID-19 vaccination intention (OR\u202f=\u202f0.50), whereas no corresponding association was observed for influenza vaccination intention. Non-participation in the 2023 parliamentary election was associated with lower odds of both intentions. Nagelkerke\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      values were 0.387 and 0.392, and apparent discrimination was good (AUC\u202f=\u202f0.857 and 0.833).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The shared pattern across outcomes supports COM-B as an organizing framework, while the incremental contribution of hesitancy and differences in political and health-related correlates demonstrate the vaccine-specific context of vaccination intentions. COVID-19 intention remained more politically differentiated. Vaccination-promotion strategies should combine behavioral diagnosis with attention to the political context of each vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1961701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:21:45Z","timestamp":1791264105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shared and vaccine-specific factors associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccination intentions among adults in Poland: a COM-B-informed cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Duplaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Krakow, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sikorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Krakow, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Kowalska-Duplaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Krakow, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100618760521","article-title":"Increasing vaccination: putting psychological science into action","volume":"18","author":"Brewer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Sci 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