{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:22:03Z","timestamp":1771924923893,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Antibiot."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Biofilms\u2014microbial communities\u2014are present throughout the environment and interact with humans as part of the resident microbiome or when causing infection and disease. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections, including those due to biofilms. However, antimicrobial tolerance and resistance are common traits of these microbial communities. Resistance to antimicrobials is now widespread, and the search for alternative treatments, such as plant- or herbal-derived extracts, essential oils, and honey, is on the rise. Here, we investigated the effect of Biocidin\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    , a botanical supplement, on biofilms of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A single (bolus) dose of Biocidin\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    resulted in a significant decrease (&amp;gt; 2 Log) of biofilm and planktonic populations, while a 24-h continuous dose of 25% and 50% Biocidin\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    led to a typical biphasic killing curve, with the latter concentration resulting in biofilm eradication of\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of Biocidin\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    did not affect biofilm viability. Results from this work have implications for the use of Biocidin\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    as a treatment for biofilm-associated infections and as a supplement in natural medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frabi.2025.1692653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:44:35Z","timestamp":1769582675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Activity of Biocidin\u00ae against microbial biofilms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Amy V.","family":"Mundanchira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University","place":["Binghamton, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University","place":["Binghamton, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University","place":["Binghamton, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University","place":["Binghamton, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Klos-Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocidin Botanicals","place":["Palm Beach Gardens, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocidin Botanicals","place":["Palm Beach Gardens, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia N. H.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University","place":["Binghamton, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University","place":["Binghamton, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464507","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2464507","article-title":"Antibacterial potency of honey","volume":"2019","author":"Albaridi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4600","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00707-13","article-title":"The putative enoyl-coenzyme A hydratase DspI is required for production of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm dispersion autoinducer cis-2-decenoic acid","volume":"195","author":"Amari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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