{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:09:14Z","timestamp":1789711754268,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Antibiot."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections and is increasingly associated with antimicrobial resistance. Continuous local surveillance is essential to monitor evolving resistance patterns and inform empirical antimicrobial therapy and antimicrobial stewardship.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective laboratory-based surveillance study analyzed non-duplicate\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at a secondary healthcare setting in Saudi Arabia between 2018 and 2024. Resistance phenotypes were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) according to established international definitions. Temporal trends were evaluated using logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 368 non-duplicate\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were included. Respiratory tract specimens were the most common source of isolates. MDR prevalence increased from 51.0% in 2018 to a peak of 87.3% in 2022 before declining to 69.6% in 2024, while XDR reached its highest prevalence of 68.3% in 2023 before declining to 39.1% in 2024. When year was analyzed categorically, significant differences across years were observed for MDR (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and XDR (P\u00a0=\u00a00.003), but not DTR (P\u00a0=\u00a00.144).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This seven-year surveillance study demonstrated a substantial burden of antimicrobial resistance among\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, with significant year-to-year variation in MDR and XDR prevalence. These findings provide locally relevant surveillance data that may inform empirical antimicrobial therapy, antimicrobial stewardship, and ongoing institutional resistance surveillance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frabi.2026.1912287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:36:05Z","timestamp":1789709765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal trends in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a seven-year study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Wael A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University","place":["Abha, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid M.","family":"Orayj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University","place":["Abha, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed R. N.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University","place":["Abha, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University","place":["Minia, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marim A.","family":"Abdelsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Khamis Mushait General Hospital","place":["Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University","place":["Abha, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-024-00191-y","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Arabian Gulf region over a 12-year period, (2010-2021)","volume":"14","author":"Alatoom","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Global Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis","volume":"399","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"CLSI supplement M100","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","year":"2025"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1374466","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Navigating clinical impacts, current resistance trends, and innovations in breaking therapies","volume":"15","author":"Elfadadny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. 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Microbiol."},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance 2022\u20132025","year":"2022"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1436648","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Saudi Arabia: A national antimicrobial resistance surveillance study","volume":"12","author":"Thabit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08688-w","article-title":"A score to predict Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in older patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"23","author":"Wijit","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frabi.2026.1912287\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:36:06Z","timestamp":1789709766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frabi.2026.1912287\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frabi.2026.1912287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frabi.2026.1912287","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-2467"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-2467","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"article-number":"1912287"}}