{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:59:54Z","timestamp":1790272794729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Radio"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression develops in 5\u201310% of patients with cancer and is becoming more common as advancement in cancer treatment prolongs survival in patients with cancer (\n                    <jats:xref>1<\/jats:xref>\n                    \u2013\n                    <jats:xref>3<\/jats:xref>\n                    ). It represents an oncological emergency as metastatic epidural compression in adjacent neural structures, including the spinal cord and cauda equina, and exiting nerve roots may result in irreversible neurological deficits, pain, and spinal instability. Although management of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression remains palliative, early diagnosis and intervention may improve outcomes by preserving neurological function, stabilizing the vertebral column, and achieving localized tumor and pain control. Imaging serves an essential role in early diagnosis of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression, evaluation of the degree of spinal cord compression and extent of tumor burden, and preoperative planning. This review focuses on imaging features and techniques for diagnosing metastatic epidural spinal cord compression, differential diagnosis, and management guidelines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fradi.2022.962797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T02:13:51Z","timestamp":1660270431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Imaging of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinzya","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Hussien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kawakyu-O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0116","article-title":"Surgery insight: current management of epidural spinal cord compression from metastatic spine disease","volume":"2","author":"Witham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.9.2.91","article-title":"Experiences with metastatic neoplasms involving the spinal cord","volume":"9","author":"Barron","year":"1959","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199208273270907","article-title":"Spinal cord compression from epidural metastases","volume":"327","author":"Byrne","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001827","article-title":"Predicting neurologic recovery after surgery in patients with deficits secondary to MESCC: systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Laufer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7150.18","article-title":"Malignant spinal cord compression: prospective study of delays in referral and treatment","volume":"317","author":"Husband","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb07064.x","article-title":"Clinical outcome in metastatic spinal cord compression. 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