{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:07:03Z","timestamp":1789020423947,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Radiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe contrast media reactions during computed tomography (CT) are rare but potentially life-threatening and require rapid recognition and coordinated emergency response. CT technicians and radiographers are often frontline professionals during contrast-enhanced CT, yet their preparedness in Jordan remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess knowledge of severe contrast media reactions among CT technicians and radiographers in Jordan and identify factors associated with total knowledge scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire adapted from a previously published tool. The questionnaire assessed five domains: general knowledge of contrast media, risk factors, precautions, recognition of severe reactions, and management. Scores were converted to percentages. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann\u2013Whitney U tests, Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests, Spearman correlation, and multivariable linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis included 314 participants. The median total knowledge score was 76.3% (IQR: 55.3\u201384.2). General knowledge showed the highest median score (100%, IQR: 80\u2013100), whereas risk factor knowledge was the lowest-performing domain (65%, IQR: 50\u201380). Radiographers achieved higher total knowledge scores than technicians (78.9% vs. 71.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Total knowledge also differed significantly across educational levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.043). In multivariable regression, total knowledge was independently associated with gender, age group, master's-level education, professional role, experience &amp;gt;25 years, and self-reported confidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT technicians and radiographers in Jordan demonstrated moderate-to-high overall knowledge of severe contrast media reactions, but important gaps were evident, particularly in risk factor recognition. Structured, recurrent, competency-based training programs focusing on risk assessment, reaction recognition, emergency management, and simulation-based practice are needed to strengthen preparedness and patient safety during contrast-enhanced CT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fradi.2026.1940155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:31:35Z","timestamp":1789018295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preparedness of CT technicians and radiographers for severe contrast media reactions: knowledge gaps and training needs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Haneen E.","family":"Abuanzeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU)","place":["Al-Salt, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman M.","family":"Al-Qaaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU)","place":["Al-Salt, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13172760","article-title":"Redefining radiology: a review of artificial intelligence integration in medical imaging","volume":"13","author":"Najjar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-10310-2","article-title":"CT Scans and cancer risks: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.14.13430","article-title":"Assessment of rates of acute adverse reactions to gadobenate dimeglumine: review of more than 130,000 administrations in 7.5 years","volume":"204","author":"Fakhran","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2017.06.008","article-title":"Managing adverse reactions to contrast agents","volume":"25","author":"Boyd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741018","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/741018","article-title":"Side effects of radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention","volume":"2014","author":"Andreucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07040-x","article-title":"Investigating computed tomography radiographers\u2019 expertise in responding to severe contrast media reactions: a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Hadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.10.007","article-title":"Radiographers\u2019 confidence in handling iodine based contrast media hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"30","author":"Trygg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiography (Lond)"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Contrast, ACR Manual on Contrast Media","year":"2023"},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"ESUR Guidelines on Contrast Agents","year":"2018"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Guidance on Gadolinium-based contrast Agent Administration to Adult Patients","year":"2019"},{"key":"B11","volume-title":",","year":"2018"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"New Zealand College of, Iodinated Contrast Media Guideline, in Iodinated Contrast Media Guideline V2.3","year":"2018"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01644-5","article-title":"Just give the contrast? 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