{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:01:30Z","timestamp":1790146890873,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Radiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a recognized complication of iodinated contrast administration. Although extensively studied in coronary angiography, its incidence, associated factors, and outcomes following interventional radiology and other non-coronary endovascular procedures remain incompletely characterized. We evaluated the incidence, associated factors, and outcomes of CA-AKI in these populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and a prospectively registered PROSPERO protocol (CRD420261385592). PubMed\/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 30 April 2026. Eligible studies evaluated CA-AKI following catheter-based non-coronary endovascular or interventional radiology procedures. Random-effects meta-analysis estimated pooled incidence, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-nine studies were included, of which 38 contributed to the meta-analysis. The pooled CA-AKI incidence was 6.91% (95% CI 5.69\u20138.24; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200989.5%). In a sensitivity analysis restricted to patient-level estimates (30 studies; 16,825 unique patients), incidence was 7.27% (95% CI 5.77\u20138.92; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200991.5%). Leave-one-out estimates ranged from 6.56% to 7.16%, indicating numerical stability despite substantial heterogeneity. Exploratory subgroup analysis showed higher pooled incidence following embolization\/interventional oncology than neuroendovascular\/carotid procedures (8.44% vs. 5.48%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0171), although substantial residual heterogeneity renders this finding hypothesis-generating. Frequently reported associated factors included baseline renal dysfunction, advanced liver disease, diabetes mellitus, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, inflammatory burden, and greater contrast exposure. Heterogeneous observational evidence did not establish a clinically reliable contrast-volume threshold. Across individual studies, CA-AKI was associated with increased mortality, poorer functional outcomes, prolonged hospitalisation, and persistent renal dysfunction, although associations were not consistent across all studies and outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CA-AKI occurs after a range of non-coronary endovascular and interventional radiology procedures and may be associated with clinically important adverse outcomes. Substantial heterogeneity limits the generalizability of a single pooled incidence estimate, and procedure- and population-specific estimates should remain central to interpretation. Standardised definitions and prospective multicentre studies are needed to establish procedure-specific risk profiles and clinically useful preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420261385592<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , PROSPERO, CRD420261385592.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fradi.2026.1947256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:17:46Z","timestamp":1790144266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of contrast-associated acute kidney injury following interventional radiology procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Saad","family":"Alhumaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Yousef","family":"Almulhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hessah Abdulaziz","family":"Al Hussaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qasem M.","family":"Alalwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Almohammed Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Al Ruzaihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima A.","family":"Aborshaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Hospital","place":["Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrhman Khaled","family":"Al Abdulqader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nourah","family":"Al Dossary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, General Surgery Department, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneera","family":"Alabdulqader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Specialty, Pediatric Department, Medical College, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaden Saleh","family":"AlMousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al-Ahsa, Saudi 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