{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:00:06Z","timestamp":1789754406878,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the characteristics of the failing human heart is a significant alteration in its energy metabolism. Recently, a ketone body, \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (\u03b2-OHB) has been implicated in the failing heart\u2019s energy metabolism as an alternative \u201cfuel source.\u201d Utilization of \u03b2-OHB in the failing heart increases, and this serves as a \u201cfuel switch\u201d that has been demonstrated to become an adaptive response to stress during the heart failure progression in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In addition to serving as an alternative \u201cfuel,\u201d \u03b2-OHB represents a signaling molecule that acts as an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. It can increase histone acetylation or lysine acetylation of other signaling molecules. \u03b2-OHB has been shown to decrease the production of reactive oxygen species and activate autophagy. Moreover, \u03b2-OHB works as an NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome inhibitor and reduces Nlrp3-mediated inflammatory responses. It has also been reported that \u03b2-OHB plays a role in transcriptional or post-translational regulations of various genes\u2019 expression. Increasing \u03b2-OHB levels prior to ischemia\/reperfusion injury results in a reduced infarct size in rodents, likely due to the signaling function of \u03b2-OHB in addition to its role in providing energy. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to exert strong beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. They are also capable of increasing the production of \u03b2-OHB, which may partially explain their clinical efficacy. Despite all of the beneficial effects of \u03b2-OHB, some studies have shown detrimental effects of long-term exposure to \u03b2-OHB. Furthermore, not all means of increasing \u03b2-OHB levels in the heart are equally effective in treating heart failure. The best timing and therapeutic strategies for the delivery of \u03b2-OHB to treat heart disease are unknown and yet to be determined. In this review, we focus on the crucial role of ketone bodies, particularly \u03b2-OHB, as both an energy source and a signaling molecule in the stressed heart and the overall therapeutic potential of this compound for cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2021.681513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:26:09Z","timestamp":1623111969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, Friend or Foe for Stressed Hearts"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13536","article-title":"Empagliflozin Reduces Myocardial Ketone Utilization while Preserving Glucose Utilization in Diabetic Hypertensive Heart Disease: A Hyperpolarized 13 C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study","volume":"21","author":"Abdurrachim","year":"","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39378-w","article-title":"A New Hyperpolarized (13)C Ketone Body Probe Reveals an Increase in Acetoacetate Utilization in the Diabetic Rat Heart","volume":"9","author":"Abdurrachim","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.62.4.2022282","article-title":"Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet Enhances Cardiac Tolerance to Global Ischaemia","volume":"62","author":"Al-Zaid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2064","article-title":"Baseline Characteristics of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in the EMPEROR\u2010Preserved Trial","volume":"22","author":"Anker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.017355","article-title":"The Failing Heart Relies on Ketone Bodies as a Fuel","volume":"133","author":"Aubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.03.005","article-title":"Selective Inhibition of Class I but Not Class IIb Histone Deacetylases Exerts Cardiac protection from Ischemia Reperfusion","volume":"72","author":"Aune","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66444","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12119","article-title":"\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Suppresses Inflammasome Formation by Ameliorating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via AMPK Activation","volume":"7","author":"Bae","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.017545","article-title":"Evidence for Intramyocardial Disruption of Lipid Metabolism and Increased Myocardial Ketone Utilization in Advanced Human Heart Failure","volume":"133","author":"Bedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02444-8","article-title":"Glucose Transporters in Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease","volume":"472","author":"Bertrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13418","article-title":"The Mitochondrial Deubiquitinase USP30 Opposes Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy","volume":"510","author":"Bingol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081873","article-title":"The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Restores Cardiomyocyte Contractility in a Rat Model of Early Diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Bocchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01208-z","article-title":"Dual SGLT-1 and SGLT-2 Inhibition Improves Left Atrial Dysfunction in HFpEF","volume":"20","author":"Bode","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3828","article-title":"Inhibition of the Glucose Transporter SGLT2 with Dapagliflozin in Pancreatic Alpha Cells Triggers Glucagon Secretion","volume":"21","author":"Bonner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2147\/dmso.s233538","article-title":"Extraglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Review of the Evidence","volume":"13","author":"Bonora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes. Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010234","article-title":"Enhancement of Ketone Supplements-Evoked Effect on Absence Epileptic Activity by Co-administration of Uridine in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk Rats","volume":"13","author":"Brunner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006573","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.119.006573","article-title":"Chronically Elevating Circulating Ketones Can Reduce Cardiac Inflammation and Blunt the Development of Heart Failure","volume":"13","author":"Byrne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111258","article-title":"Fuel Metabolism in Starvation","volume":"26","author":"Cahill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.10.006","article-title":"Aging Induces an Nlrp3 Inflammasome-dependent Expansion of Adipose B Cells that Impairs Metabolic Homeostasis","volume":"30","author":"Camell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cel Metab."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015081108","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors Attenuate Cardiac Hypertrophy by Suppressing Autophagy","volume":"108","author":"Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.09.058","article-title":"Salt-Responsive Metabolite, \u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate, Attenuates Hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cel. Rep."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4091","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4091","article-title":"Metabolism of Hyperpolarized (13) C-Acetoacetate to Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Detects Real-Time Mitochondrial Redox State and Dysfunction in Heart Tissue","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"NMR. Biomed."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0262-8","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibition Improves Myocardial Function and Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in Diabetic Mice","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2012.08.013","article-title":"Urinary Ketone Is Associated with the Heart Failure Severity","volume":"45","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10097-7","article-title":"Hospitalisation Costs Associated with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): a Systematic Review","author":"Clark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.04.001","article-title":"Oral 28-day and Developmental Toxicity Studies of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate","volume":"63","author":"Clarke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7049237","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7049237","article-title":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Increases SIRT1 Activity and Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Levels and Decreases Oxidative Stress in Patients with HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"2019","author":"Corbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med. Cel Longev"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1060","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00646.2012","article-title":"Ketone Body Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"304","author":"Cotter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.00013","article-title":"Metabolism of Exogenous D-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, an Energy Substrate Avidly Consumed by the Heart and Kidney","volume":"7","author":"Cuenoud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2015.46","article-title":"Histone Deacetylases in Monocyte\/macrophage Development, Activation and Metabolism: Refining HDAC Targets for Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases","volume":"5","author":"Das Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Trans. Immunol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00260","article-title":"Role of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, its Polymer Poly-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate and Inorganic Polyphosphate in Mammalian Health and Disease","volume":"5","author":"Dedkova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20150218","article-title":"Inorganic Polyphosphate in Cardiac Myocytes: from Bioenergetics to the Permeability Transition Pore and Cell Survival","volume":"44","author":"Dedkova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.120.317933","article-title":"Targeting Mitochondria-Inflammation Circuit by \u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Mitigates HFpEF","volume":"128","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120850","article-title":"Modulatory Mechanisms of the NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08938","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasomes Are Required for Atherogenesis and Activated by Cholesterol Crystals","volume":"464","author":"Duewell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081120","article-title":"Food Bioactive HDAC Inhibitors in the Epigenetic Regulation of Heart Failure","volume":"10","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.05.003","article-title":"Epigenetics in Cardiac Fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Felisbino","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC: Basic Translational Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.243","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibition in Diabetes Mellitus: Rationale and Clinical Prospects","volume":"8","author":"Ferrannini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H838","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00736.2019","article-title":"New Insight in Understanding the Contribution of SGLT1 in Cardiac Glucose Uptake: Evidence for a Truncated Form in Mice and Humans","volume":"320","author":"Fert\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007533","article-title":"Substrate Utilization by the Failing Human Heart by Direct Quantification Using Arterio-Venous Blood Sampling","volume":"4","author":"Funada","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.118.312017","article-title":"Metabolic Coordination of Physiological and Pathological Cardiac Remodeling","volume":"123","author":"Gibb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-108548","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Reduces Myocardial Ischemia\u2010reperfusion Injury in Mice","volume":"22","author":"Granger","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB. J."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.02.006","article-title":"Molecular Evolution of the Histone Deacetylase Family: Functional Implications of Phylogenetic Analysis","volume":"338","author":"Gregoretti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.07.036","article-title":"\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Prevents Vascular Senescence through hnRNP A1-Mediated Upregulation of Oct4","volume":"71","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cel."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0415-z","article-title":"\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate and its Metabolic Effects on Age-Associated Pathology","volume":"52","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11729","article-title":"NLRP3 Is Activated in Alzheimer's Disease and Contributes to Pathology in APP\/PS1 Mice","volume":"493","author":"Heneka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz045","article-title":"Increased Ketone Body Oxidation Provides Additional Energy for the Failing Heart without Improving Cardiac Efficiency","volume":"115","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124079","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124079","article-title":"The Failing Heart Utilizes 3-hydroxybutyrate as a Metabolic Stress Defense","volume":"4","author":"Horton","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI. Insight"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003190","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.003190","article-title":"Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Differentially Elevated in Heart Failure with Preserved versus Reduced Ejection Fraction: Evidence for Shared Metabolic Impairments in Clinical Heart Failure","volume":"5","author":"Hunter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2019.4942","article-title":"A Ketogenic Diet Attenuates Proliferation and Stemness of Glioma Stem like Cells by Altering Metabolism Resulting in Increased ROS Production","volume":"56","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2020.04.005","article-title":"Myocardial Ketones Metabolism in Heart Failure","volume":"26","author":"Karwi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2007.03.034","article-title":"Selective Degradation of Mitochondria by Mitophagy","volume":"462","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15983-6","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibition Modulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity via Ketones and Insulin in Diabetes with Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8030","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016088108","article-title":"Short-chain Fatty Acids and Ketones Directly Regulate Sympathetic Nervous System via G Protein-Coupled Receptor 41 (GPR41)","volume":"108","author":"Kimura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0175","article-title":"Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Tolerance Are Altered by Maintenance on a Ketogenic Diet","volume":"151","author":"Kinzig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.11.027","article-title":"The Effects of the Ketone Body \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate on Isolated Rat Ventricular Myocyte Excitation-Contraction Coupling","volume":"662","author":"Klos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.09.023","article-title":"Autophagy and the Integrated Stress Response","volume":"40","author":"Kroemer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cel"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1520-7560(199911\/12)15:6<412::aid-dmrr72>3.0.co;2-8","article-title":"Ketone Bodies: a Review of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Application of Monitoring to Diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Laffel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.007","article-title":"Mechanisms and Functions of Inflammasomes","volume":"157","author":"Lamkanfi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00046","article-title":"Rational Application of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Attenuates Ischemic Stroke by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial-dependent Apoptosis via Activation of the Erk\/CREB\/eNOS Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1463-y","article-title":"p53 Beta-Hydroxybutyrylation Attenuates P53 Activity","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00214-8","article-title":"Blood Ketone Bodies in Congestive Heart Failure","volume":"28","author":"Lommi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2020.158813","article-title":"Ketone Metabolism in the Failing Heart","volume":"1865","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Bba) - Mol. Cel Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1172\/jci41651","article-title":"Nicotinic Acid Inhibits Progression of Atherosclerosis in Mice through its Receptor GPR109A Expressed by Immune Cells","volume":"121","author":"Lukasova","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06115.x","article-title":"Availability of Neurotransmitter Glutamate Is Diminished when \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate Replaces Glucose in Cultured Neurons","volume":"110","author":"Lund","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.21036","article-title":"Autophagy Is Impaired in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2892","article-title":"Exhaled Acetone as a New Biomarker of Heart Failure Severity","volume":"142","author":"Marcondes-Braga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001903","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001903.pub3","article-title":"Ketogenic Diet and Other Dietary Treatments for Epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13980","article-title":"Association of Increased Hepatic Insulin Clearance and Change in Serum Triglycerides or \u03b2\u2010hydroxybutyrate Concentration via the Sodium\/glucose\u2010cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Tofogliflozin","volume":"22","author":"Matsubayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction","volume":"381","author":"Mcmurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1172\/jci70704","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Improves Muscle Insulin Sensitivity but Enhances Endogenous Glucose Production","volume":"124","author":"Merovci","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.05.097","article-title":"\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Elevation as a Compensatory Response against Oxidative Stress in Cardiomyocytes","volume":"475","author":"Nagao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081704","article-title":"The SGLT2 Inhibitor Luseogliflozin Rapidly Normalizes Aortic mRNA Levels of Inflammation-Related but Not Lipid-Metabolism-Related Genes and Suppresses Atherosclerosis in Diabetic ApoE KO Mice","volume":"18","author":"Nakatsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.09.002","article-title":"Ketone Bodies as Signaling Metabolites","volume":"25","author":"Newman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.118.036459","article-title":"Cardiovascular Effects of Treatment with the Ketone Body 3-Hydroxybutyrate in Chronic Heart Failure Patients","volume":"139","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-7-10","article-title":"HDAC Class I Inhibitor, Mocetinostat, Reverses Cardiac Fibrosis in Heart Failure and Diminishes CD90+ Cardiac Myofibroblast Activation","volume":"7","author":"Nural-Guvener","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis. Tissue. Repair"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.003301","article-title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-Carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B)","volume":"63","author":"Offermanns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2019.0180","article-title":"Cardioprotective Potential of an SGLT2 Inhibitor against Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure","volume":"49","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean Circ. J."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2022190","article-title":"Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure","volume":"383","author":"Packer","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1325","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00186.2006","article-title":"Ketone Bodies Alter Dinitrophenol-Induced Glucose Uptake through AMPK Inhibition and Oxidative Stress Generation in Adult Cardiomyocytes","volume":"292","author":"Pelletier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Endocrinology Metab."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.121.054442","article-title":"Does SGLT1 Inhibition Add Benefit to SGLT2 Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?","author":"Pitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.12.022","article-title":"Multi-dimensional Roles of Ketone Bodies in Fuel Metabolism, Signaling, and Therapeutics","volume":"25","author":"Puchalska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cel. Metab."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1600827","article-title":"Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"374","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr3011w","article-title":"Hemodynamic Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors","volume":"9","author":"Sano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.008","article-title":"Randomized Trial of Empagliflozin in Nondiabetic Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction","volume":"77","author":"Santos-Gallego","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1615\/critrevoncog.2014012393","article-title":"Modulation of Immune Responses by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors","volume":"20","author":"Schotterl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncog"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.07.010","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte-specific Deficiency of Ketone Body Metabolism Promotes Accelerated Pathological Remodeling","volume":"3","author":"Schugar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.11.027","article-title":"The Effect of 1,3-butanediol and Carbohydrate Supplementation on Running Performance","volume":"22","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.119.045033","article-title":"Implications of Altered Ketone Metabolism and Therapeutic Ketosis in Heart Failure","volume":"141","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227166","article-title":"Suppression of Oxidative Stress by -Hydroxybutyrate, an Endogenous Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor","volume":"339","author":"Shimazu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01948-5","article-title":"Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Inhibits Inflammasome Activation to Attenuate Alzheimer's Disease Pathology","volume":"17","author":"Shippy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932338","article-title":"Short-term Fasting Reduces the Extent of Myocardial Infarction and Incidence of Reperfusion Arrhythmias in Rats","volume":"61","author":"Snorek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay8329","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay8329","article-title":"Elevated Plasma Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Predicts Adverse Outcomes and Disease Progression in Patients with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1340","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00473.2002","article-title":"Acetoacetate Augments \u03b2-adrenergic Inotropism of Stunned Myocardium by an Antioxidant Mechanism","volume":"284","author":"Squires","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22051","article-title":"A Ketone Ester Drink Lowers Human Ghrelin and Appetite","volume":"26","author":"Stubbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00848","article-title":"On the Metabolism of Exogenous Ketones in Humans","volume":"8","author":"Stubbs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109825","article-title":"The SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Attenuates Interleukin-17a-Induced Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Targeting TRAF3IP2\/ROS\/NLRP3\/Caspase-1-dependent IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 Secretion","volume":"77","author":"Sukhanov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119116","article-title":"Inhibition of SGLT1 Protects against Glycemic Variability-Induced Cardiac Damage and Pyroptosis of Cardiomyocytes in Diabetic Mice","volume":"271","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.12.083","article-title":"Glucose Transporters in Healthy Heart and in Cardiac Disease","volume":"230","author":"Szablewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1161\/res.0000000000000097","article-title":"Assessing Cardiac MetabolismAssessing Cardiac Metabolism: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"118","author":"Taegtmeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26649","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.c500213200","article-title":"(d)-\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Inhibits Adipocyte Lipolysis via the Nicotinic Acid Receptor PUMA-G","volume":"280","author":"Taggart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(13)70050-0","article-title":"SGLT Inhibitors in Management of Diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Tahrani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1884","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors May Predispose to Ketoacidosis","volume":"100","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00382","article-title":"Mitochondrial Quality Control in Aging and Heart Failure: Influence of Ketone Bodies and Mitofusin-Stabilizing Peptides","volume":"10","author":"Thai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48995","article-title":"A New Ketogenic Formulation Improves Functional Outcome and Reduces Tissue Loss Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult Mice","volume":"11","author":"Thau-Zuchman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1172\/jci200318797","article-title":"D-\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Rescues Mitochondrial Respiration and Mitigates Features of Parkinson Disease","volume":"112","author":"Tieu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.161","article-title":"The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"15","author":"Toldo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4293206","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4293206","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome and its Central Role in the Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"2020","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med. Cel Longev"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nm824","article-title":"PUMA-G and HM74 Are Receptors for Nicotinic Acid and Mediate its Anti-lipolytic Effect","volume":"9","author":"Tunaru","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004417","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.117.004417","article-title":"Cardiac-Specific Bdh1 Overexpression Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Remodeling in Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure","volume":"10","author":"Uchihashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw247","article-title":"The Selective NLRP3-Inflammasome Inhibitor MCC950 Reduces Infarct Size and Preserves Cardiac Function in a Pig Model of Myocardial Infarction","volume":"38","author":"Van Hout","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.r046292","article-title":"Ketone Ester Effects on Metabolism and Transcription","volume":"55","author":"Veech","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.07.006","article-title":"Empagliflozin Increases Cardiac Energy Production in Diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC: Basic Translational Sci."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2147\/dmso.s58786","article-title":"Combination of the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin with Orlistat or Sibutramine Further Improves the Body-Weight Reduction and Glucose Homeostasis of Obese Rats Fed a Cafeteria Diet","volume":"7","author":"Vickers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes. Metab. Syndro. Obes."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-013-0866-y","article-title":"The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Vorinostat Prevents TNF\u03b1-Induced Necroptosis by Regulating Multiple Signaling Pathways","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b00408","article-title":"PHBHHx Facilitated the Residence, Survival and Stemness Maintain of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.111","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase 4 Selectively Contributes to Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaai8700","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aai8700","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking Diet and Markers\/risk Factors for Aging, Diabetes, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2016.11.009","article-title":"Metabolic Origins of Heart Failure","volume":"2","author":"Wende","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC: Basic Translational Sci."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2017.01.016","article-title":"PINK1\/Parkin Mitophagy and Neurodegeneration-What Do We Really Know In Vivo?","volume":"44","author":"Whitworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Develop."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1812389","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"380","author":"Wiviott","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00055.2009","article-title":"Biology of Human Sodium Glucose Transporters","volume":"91","author":"Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.113.002416","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Blunts Ischemia\/reperfusion Injury by Inducing Cardiomyocyte Autophagy","volume":"129","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2019.02.013","article-title":"HDAC Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy in Myocardial Ischemia\/reperfusion Injury","volume":"129","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.03.036","article-title":"Metabolic Regulation of Gene Expression by Histone Lysine \u03b2-Hydroxybutyrylation","volume":"62","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cel"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00411-4","article-title":"Ketogenic Diets Inhibit Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Induce Cardiac Fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct Target. Ther."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08055-1","article-title":"Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an Endogenic NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor, Attenuates Stress-Induced Behavioral and Inflammatory Responses","volume":"7","author":"Yamanashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-16-0011","article-title":"Exhaled Acetone Concentration Is Related to Hemodynamic Severity in Patients with Non-ischemic Chronic Heart Failure","volume":"80","author":"Yokokawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2019.100432","article-title":"Circulating Acetoacetate Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients","volume":"25","author":"Yokokawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJC HeartVasculature"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3804","article-title":"The Ketone Metabolite \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate Blocks NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammatory Disease","volume":"21","author":"Youm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.04.019","article-title":"Treatment with D-\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Protects Heart from Ischemia\/reperfusion Injury in Mice","volume":"829","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007684","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.120.007684","article-title":"Ketone Ester Treatment Improves Cardiac Function and Reduces Pathologic Remodeling in Preclinical Models of Heart Failure","volume":"14","author":"Yurista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0124844","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124844","article-title":"Metabolomic Fingerprint of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"10","author":"Zordoky","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1968","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00250.2002","article-title":"dl-3-Hydroxybutyrate Administration Prevents Myocardial Damage after Coronary Occlusion in Rat Hearts","volume":"283","author":"Zou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fragi.2021.681513\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:26:13Z","timestamp":1623111973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fragi.2021.681513\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"references-count":135,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fragi.2021.681513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fragi.2021.681513","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-6217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-6217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"article-number":"681513"}}