{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T13:16:43Z","timestamp":1769519803511,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Study Objectives:<\/jats:bold> Aging is a risk factor for sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS), which is associated with lower quality of life and sudden mortality. However, SAS is often overlooked in older adults without suspicions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate SAS incidence and 48 other general factors in older adults.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This cross-sectional study included all non-caregiver-certified, healthy individuals (N = 32) who survived during the long-term cohort study and agreed to participate in apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) measurement (aged 83\u201395 years). AHI and 48 other general factors were evaluated, and simple linear regression analysis was used to identify potential AHI-related factors. Stepwise evaluation was further performed using multiple linear regression analyses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Although no individuals were previously diagnosed with SAS, 30 (93.75%) participants had some degree of SAS (AHI &amp;gt; 5\/h), and 22 (68.75%) had severe or moderate SAS (AHI &amp;gt; 15\/h). Compared with typical single risk factors represented by body mass index, combining daily steps and other factors improved the fit to the multiple linear regression. Combining daily steps and body mass index improved the fit for males and combining daily steps and red blood cell count improved the fit for females.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> SAS was highly prevalent in unaware healthy Japanese older adults; combinations of daily steps and body mass index, and daily steps and red blood cell count may predict AHI in such individuals without the need for a specific AHI test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2022.965199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T07:20:49Z","timestamp":1665732049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Super-multifactorial survey YHAB revealed high prevalence of sleep apnoea syndrome in unaware older adults and potential combinatorial factors for its initial screening"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Yuji","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoichiro","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasumi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zentaro","family":"Yamagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"YHAB Health Data Survey Group 2020","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1580","article-title":"The treatment of central sleep apnea syndromes in adults: Practice parameters with an evidence-based literature review and meta-analyses","volume":"35","author":"Aurora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/24.1.96","article-title":"The association of sleep-disordered breathing and sleep symptoms with quality of life in the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"24","author":"Baldwin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09929-2","article-title":"Daily step count and incident diabetes in community-dwelling 70-year-olds: A prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Ballin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-10-60","article-title":"A knowledge-based taxonomy of critical factors for adopting electronic health record systems by physicians: A systematic literature review","volume":"10","author":"Castillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inf. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/J.2044-8317.1992.TB00992.X","article-title":"Backward, forward and stepwise automated subset selection algorithms: Frequency of obtaining authentic and noise variables","volume":"45","author":"Derksen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00057","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00057-2020","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome: Results from a 30-year prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Dodds","year":"2020","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22680","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22680","article-title":"The association of hemocyte profile and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"33","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppnen.2016.12.001","article-title":"Hematological evaluation in males with obstructive sleep apnea before and after positive airway pressure","volume":"23","author":"Feliciano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Pneumol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.2.529","article-title":"Driving simulator performance in patients with sleep apnea","volume":"140","author":"Findley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30977-6","article-title":"Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: A comprehensive demographic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.04.025","article-title":"Japanese version of the Test Your Memory as a screening test in a Japanese memory clinic","volume":"190","author":"Hanyu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00043-0","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: The HypnoLaus study","volume":"3","author":"Heinzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet. Respir. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.1648","article-title":"Assessment of multiple health risks in a single obstructive sleep apnea population","volume":"8","author":"Hudgel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"Summary of national health and nutrition survey results (Japanese Ministry of health Law, Labour and Welfare, 2019)2019"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.08.014","article-title":"Increased all-cause mortality with use of psychotropic medication in dementia patients and controls: A population-based register study","volume":"25","author":"Jennum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60734-5","article-title":"Adult obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"383","author":"Jordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03961.x","article-title":"Effects of sleep apnea syndrome on delayed memory and executive function in elderly adults","volume":"60","author":"Ju","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6506","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: An American Academy of sleep medicine clinical practice guideline","volume":"13","author":"Kapur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-010-0186-6","article-title":"Early impact of depression symptoms on the decline in activities of daily living among older Japanese: Y-HALE cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Kazama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6970","article-title":"Impact of arterial stiffness on WatchPAT variables in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"14","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.06.002","article-title":"Do social comparisons explain the association between income inequality and health?: Relative deprivation and perceived health among male and female Japanese individuals","volume":"67","author":"Kondo","year":"","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.12.007","article-title":"Impact of mental health on daily living activities of Japanese elderly","volume":"46","author":"Kondo","year":"","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8223(94)92462-7","article-title":"Weight loss for obstructive sleep apnea: The optimal therapy for obese patients","volume":"94","author":"Loube","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0448OC","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality in obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly: Role of long-term continuous positive airway pressure treatment: A prospective observational study","volume":"186","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12262","article-title":"Association of grip strength and related indices with independence of activities of daily living in older adults, investigated by a newly-developed grip strength measuring device","volume":"14","author":"Matsui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902251","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02251-2019","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing and metabolic comorbidities across sex and menopausal status in east asians: The nagahama study","volume":"56","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3690","article-title":"Effect of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome on lipid profile: A meta-regression analysis","volume":"10","author":"Nadeem","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.4458-20","article-title":"Nocturnal hypoxemia and high circulating TNF-alpha levels in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"59","author":"Naito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01862.x","article-title":"Observation-based nocturnal sleep inventory: Screening tool for sleep apnea in elderly people","volume":"56","author":"Onen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.3.480","article-title":"Exercise and sleep-disordered breathing: An association independent of body habitus","volume":"27","author":"Peppard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000192478.82189.a8","article-title":"Mapping scores onto stages: Mini-Mental State Examination and clinical dementia rating","volume":"14","author":"Perneczky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13798","article-title":"Rotating savings and credit association, its members\u2019 diversity, and higher-level functional capacity: A 3-year prospective study from the Japan gerontological evaluation study","volume":"19","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-011-0193-5","article-title":"Development of a screening tool for risk of locomotive syndrome in the elderly: The 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale","volume":"17","author":"Seichi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-009-0311-1","article-title":"The effect of exercise on obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized and controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Sengul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep. Breath."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2025","article-title":"Personal health records: Definitions, benefits, and strategies for overcoming barriers to adoption","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9411-2","article-title":"Variable selection: Current practice in epidemiological studies","volume":"24","author":"Walter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-012-9557-z","article-title":"Genetic counselors\u2019 current use of personal health records-based family histories in genetic clinics and considerations for their future adoption","volume":"22","author":"Widmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Genet. Couns."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043104","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death","volume":"353","author":"Yaggi","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2020.01.011","article-title":"Reference values for the locomotive syndrome risk test quantifying mobility of 8681 adults aged 20-89 years: A cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan","volume":"25","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070809","article-title":"Developing and validating an age-independent equation using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis for estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass and establishing a cutoff for sarcopenia","volume":"14","author":"Yamada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.8.893","article-title":"Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling adults: The sleep heart health study","volume":"162","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fragi.2022.965199\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T07:20:57Z","timestamp":1665732057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fragi.2022.965199\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fragi.2022.965199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fragi.2022.965199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-6217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-6217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"article-number":"965199"}}