{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:57Z","timestamp":1787027337895,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Demands for effective assessments of speech perception specific to the aging brain are increasing, as the impacts of hearing loss on an individual\u2019s functional health, socialization, and cognition have become more widely recognized. Understanding the mechanisms behind the optimal function of the aging brain in relation to speech and language is challenging, especially in the bilingual population where the language learning and language interference processes could be mistaken for perceptual difficulty. Age-related presbycusis is unavoidable, and the contributions of this sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) process on impaired speech recognition are not completely understood. This lack of understanding of the effects of aging and bilingual language competency on speech perception can act as a barrier to successful auditory rehabilitation. The present study investigated the effects of aging on vowel sound discrimination in adult listeners (age 50+) with the following characteristics: American English (AE) monolinguals with normal hearing, simultaneous or early sequential Spanish-English (SE) bilinguals with normal hearing, and AE monolinguals with SNHL (AE-SNHL). The goal was to identify the differences in vowel sound discrimination performance between the monolingual and bilingual aging populations to guide future language assessments and intervention processes. English vowel discrimination was assessed using an AXB discrimination task in quiet and using the Quick Speech in Noise (QuickSIN) test. SE bilinguals were outperformed by AE and AE-SNHL monolinguals, suggesting SE bilinguals primarily use their L1 acoustic properties to discriminate speech segments. No significant difference was found in QuickSIN performance between the bilingual and the monolingual groups, but there was a significant difference between AE and AE-SNHL. In conclusion, vowel discrimination was affected by interference with the native language, while performance in the noise condition was affected by hearing loss. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the age-related speech processing deficits from three different aging groups regarding the cognitive control system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2023.1302050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T23:20:31Z","timestamp":1704928831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Auditory discrimination in aging bilinguals vs. monolinguals with and without hearing loss"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Miwako","family":"Hisagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Barragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.040","article-title":"Bilingualism provides a neural reserve for aging populations","volume":"69","author":"Abutalebi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2013.02.010","article-title":"Neurophysiological investigation of phonological input: aging effects and development of normative data","volume":"125","author":"Aerts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/1561","article-title":"Development of language-specific phoneme representations in the infant brain","volume":"1","author":"Allik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1177\/0023830918806933","article-title":"Perception of American-English vowels by early and late Spanish-English bilinguals","volume":"62","author":"Baigorri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lang. speech"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1075\/lllt.17.07bes","article-title":"Nonnative and second-language speech perception","author":"Best","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lang. Exp. Second Lang. Speech Learn."},{"key":"B6","first-page":"171","article-title":"A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception","volume-title":"Speech perception and linguistic experience: issues in cross-language research","author":"Best","year":"1995"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015466","article-title":"Global-local and trail-making tasks by monolingual and bilingual children: beyond inhibition","volume":"46","author":"Bialystok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.03.003","article-title":"Aging in two languages: implications for public health","volume":"27","author":"Bialystok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.03.001","article-title":"Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain","volume":"16","author":"Bialystok","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3709","article-title":"How does the bilingual experience sculpt the brain?","volume":"15","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.25.6.9","article-title":"The role of spectral resolution, working memory, and audibility in explaining variance in susceptibility to temporal envelope distortion","volume":"25","author":"Davies-Venn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Audiology"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Language use in the United States: 2019","author":"Dietrich","year":"2022"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-008-0113-3","article-title":"Age-related effects on word recognition: reliance on cognitive control systems with structural declines in speech-responsive cortex","volume":"9","author":"Eckert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngology"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"QuickSIN\u2122 speech-in-noise test, version 12006"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Speech perception and linguistic experience","author":"Fledge","year":"1995"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00525.x","article-title":"Race and sex differences in age-related hearing loss: the health, aging and body composition study","volume":"53","author":"Helzner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatrics Soc."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"060013","DOI":"10.1121\/2.0001424","article-title":"Perceptual discrimination measure of non-native phoneme perception in early and late Spanish English & Japanese English bilinguals","volume":"42","author":"Hisagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Meet. Acoust."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.08.092","article-title":"Perception of a Japanese vowel length contrast by Japanese and american English listeners: behavioral and electrophysiological measures","volume":"1360","author":"Hisagi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/0023830910397499","article-title":"Perception of Japanese temporally-cued contrasts by american English listeners","volume":"54","author":"Hisagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lang. Speech"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/flan.12271","article-title":"The benefits of multilingualism to the personal and professional development of residents of the US","volume":"50","author":"Kroll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foreign Lang. Ann."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11238","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1410963111","article-title":"Infants' brain responses to speech suggest analysis by synthesis","volume":"111","author":"Kuhl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S1672-2930(08)50019-5","article-title":"Relative contributions of spectral and temporal cues for speech recognition in patients with sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Otology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.362","article-title":"Hearing loss and incident dementia","volume":"68","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives Neurology"},{"key":"B24","unstructured":"Half of the world is bilingual. What's our problem\n            MathewsJ.\n          2019"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035387","article-title":"Phoneme categorization and discrimination in younger and older adults: a comparative analysis of perceptual, lexical, and attentional factors","volume":"29","author":"Mattys","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2015.1061710","article-title":"Speech perception in noise for bilingual listeners with normal hearing","volume":"55","author":"Mendel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. audiology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1177\/1367006911429518","article-title":"L2 effects on the perception and production of a native vowel contrast in early bilinguals","volume":"16","author":"Mora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biling."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170131","article-title":"The relationship of bilingualism compared to monolingualism to the risk of cognitive decline or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Mukadam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/xp29u","article-title":"Language and aging","volume":"10","author":"Peelle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxf. Handb. neurolinguistics"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.05.001","article-title":"The neural consequences of age-related hearing loss","volume":"39","author":"Peelle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-006-9030-y","article-title":"The effect of language immersion education on the preattentive perception of native and non-native vowel contrasts","volume":"36","author":"Peltola","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Psycholinguist. Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1283-z","article-title":"Translational research on reserve against neurodegenerative disease: consensus report of the international conference on cognitive reserve in the dementias and the alzheimer\u2019s association reserve, resilience and protective factors professional interest area working groups","volume":"17","author":"Perneczky","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-H-ASCC7-18-0076","article-title":"Age effects on neural representation and perception of silence duration cues in speech","volume":"62","author":"Roque","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. speech, Lang. Hear. Res. JSLHR"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1075\/lab.14029.ros","article-title":"How aging and bilingualism influence language processing: theoretical and neural models","volume":"6","author":"Rossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Linguist. Approaches Biling."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0189299","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189299","article-title":"Longitudinal effects of bilingualism on dual-tasking","volume":"12","author":"S\u00f6rman","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wocn.2010.09.001","article-title":"Automatic selective perception (ASP) of first and second language speech: a working model","volume":"39","author":"Strange","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1159\/000356237","article-title":"Perceptual assimilation and discrimination of non-native vowel contrasts","volume":"71","author":"Tyler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17247","DOI":"10.1525\/collabra.17247","article-title":"Effects of age, word frequency, and noise on the time course of spoken word recognition","volume":"6","author":"Van Engen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Collabra Psychol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00095","article-title":"Neurophysiological and behavioral responses of Mandarin lexical tone processing","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fragi.2023.1302050\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T23:20:36Z","timestamp":1704928836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fragi.2023.1302050\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fragi.2023.1302050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fragi.2023.1302050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-6217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-6217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"article-number":"1302050"}}