{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T09:39:43Z","timestamp":1765445983797,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By 2050, the global population of individuals aged 60 years and older is projected to reach two billion, with 80% residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Africa\u2019s older population will triple from 74.4 million in 2020 to 235.1 million in 2050, the fastest growth rate globally. Kenya is slightly ahead of the curve on this trajectory, with the population of approximately 2.74 million of the older people expected to quadruple to 12 million over the same period. The Longitudinal Study of Health and Aging in Kenya (LOSHAK) is designed to advance research on population aging in LMICs by focusing on (a) biomarkers and physiological measures; (b) the impacts of air pollution and climate vulnerability; (c) Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias, mental health, disability, caregiving, and psychosocial wellbeing; (d) economic security, including the impact of social welfare; and (e) establish cohorts for long-term study of trajectories of healthy aging and their determinants in a LMIC setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The LOSHAK feasibility and pilot phase was a cross-sectional survey of 203 participants aged 45 years and older. This paper reports on the association between self-reported health and sociodemographic, functional, and objective health measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall mean age was 63.8 years (SD:11.5) with females accounting for 58.1% (118) of the study population. Based on the wealth index, 111 (54.7%) were classified as poor, with only 75 (36.9%) currently working, with a median income of KShs.11,246.60 (USD 86) over the 3\u00a0months preceding the study. Only 32 (15.8%) of respondents reported \u201cvery good\u201d self-reported health, while over 80% reported either \u201csomewhat good\u201d 96 (47.3%) or \u201cnot good\u201d 75 (36.9%) health status. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that younger age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91\u20130.97) and higher subjective wellbeing (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.12) were significantly associated with better self-reported health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the importance of considering sociodemographic, subjective wellbeing, and psychosocial factors in improving the health of older adults in Kenya. Including these measures in longitudinal studies of aging and health in Africa in the future is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2025.1693701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T09:37:51Z","timestamp":1765445871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-reported, functional, and objective health and sociodemographic characteristics among older adults in Kenya: findings from the pilot longitudinal study of health and ageing in Kenya (LOSHAK)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Eunice Muthoni","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Orwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roselyter","family":"Monchari Riang\u2019a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niranjani","family":"Nagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Agoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick N.","family":"Mwangala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alden L.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean N.","family":"Ikanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Langa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muthoni","family":"Gichu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony K.","family":"Ngugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0278-6133.19.6.586","article-title":"Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: preliminary data in healthy, white women","volume":"19","author":"Adler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-670","article-title":"Determinants of self-rated health in old age: a population-based, cross-sectional study using the international classification of functioning","volume":"11","author":"Arnadottir","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0402-8","article-title":"The impact of multimorbidity on adult physical and mental health in low-and middle-income countries: what does the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) reveal?","volume":"13","author":"Arokiasamy","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99047-9","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in handgrip strength and its association with measures of intrinsic capacity among older adults in six middle-income countries","volume":"11","author":"Arokiasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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