{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:03:38Z","timestamp":1789625018924,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022902","name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether smoking cessation, in terms of duration and age at quitting, was associated with late-life physical frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective population-based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chinese living in Singapore.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from 4,574 men (mean baseline age 52.7 years, range 45\u201365 years) enrolled in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants self-reported smoking behaviors at four time-points over a 20-year follow-up. Physical frailty was assessed in late life (mean age 73.6 years, range 65\u201388 years) using a modified Cardiovascular Health Study phenotype, incorporating weakness, slowness, exhaustion and weight loss. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association with frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent smokers had higher odds of frailty compared to never smokers (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.76). Those who had quit smoking within 10 years before frailty assessment also had increased odds (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 0.86\u20132.01), albeit not statistically significant. The OR (95% CI) was attenuated to 1.08 (0.76\u20131.51) for those quitting 10\u201320 years and 0.97 (0.59\u20131.55) for those quitting &amp;gt;40 years. Those who quit smoking by age 60 years had similar odds relative to never smokers: OR was 1.05 (0.74\u20131.48) for quitting at ages 50\u201360 years and further reduced to 0.86 (0.57\u20131.25) for quitting at ages &amp;lt;40 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While persistent smoking was associated with increased odds of late-life physical frailty, smoking cessation for at least 10 years, or before the age of 60 years, could mitigate this risk substantially.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2026.1870256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:31:34Z","timestamp":1789623094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of smoking cessation with late-life frailty risk: the Singapore Chinese health study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin Yiqiang","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woon-Puay","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895313","DOI":"10.3389\/fcdhc.2022.895313","article-title":"Frailty and diabetes in older adults: overview of current controversies and challenges in clinical practice","volume":"3","author":"Abd Ghafar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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