{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:09:44Z","timestamp":1793387384673,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Artif. Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long utilized tongue diagnosis as a crucial method for assessing internal visceral condition. This study aims to modernize this ancient practice by developing an automated system for analyzing tongue images in relation to the five organs, corresponding to the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney\u2014collectively known as the \u201cfive viscera\u201d in TCM. We propose a novel tongue image partitioning algorithm that divides the tongue into four regions associated with these specific organs, according to TCM principles. These partitioned regions are then processed by our newly developed OrganNet, a specialized neural network designed to focus on organ-specific features. Our method simulates the TCM diagnostic process while leveraging modern machine learning techniques. To support this research, we have created a comprehensive tongue image dataset specifically tailored for these five visceral pattern assessment. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately identifying correlations between tongue regions and visceral conditions. This study bridges TCM practices with contemporary technology, potentially enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in both TCM and modern medical contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2024.1501184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T02:03:02Z","timestamp":1736128982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Visceral condition assessment through digital tongue image analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Siu Cheong","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao Jie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing-Fai","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Brief history of tongue inspection","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chin. 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