{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:15:55Z","timestamp":1788156955710,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Artif. Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Artificial intelligence is increasingly embedded in human resource management, yet its implications for employee autonomy depend not only on technological capability but also on how algorithmic systems are governed. This study examines how algorithmic transparency, perceived algorithmic fairness, and human-in-the-loop oversight shape employee autonomy through trust in AI, psychological safety, and technostress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drawing on Social Exchange Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory, the study tested an integrated model using survey data from 290 employees working in organisations that employ AI-enabled HRM systems in India. The hypothesised direct and mediated relationships were examined using partial least squares structural equation modelling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Algorithmic transparency, perceived algorithmic fairness, and human-in-the-loop oversight significantly strengthened employee trust in AI. Algorithmic transparency also enhanced psychological safety, while human-in-the-loop oversight reduced technostress. Trust in AI and psychological safety positively influenced employee autonomy, whereas technostress negatively influenced autonomy. Trust mediated the relationships between transparency, fairness, human oversight, and employee autonomy. Psychological safety mediated the transparency\u2013autonomy relationship, while technostress mediated the relationship between human oversight and autonomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings demonstrate that employee autonomy in AI-enabled workplaces is shaped through relational, psychological, and resource-preservation mechanisms. Responsible AI-enabled HRM therefore requires more than technical efficiency; transparent decision processes, fairness safeguards, meaningful human oversight, and psychologically safe opportunities to question algorithmic decisions are important for preserving employee agency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2026.1911545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:41:20Z","timestamp":1788154880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Governing algorithms, empowering people: how ethical AI oversight shapes trust, technostress, and employee autonomy in AI-enabled HRM"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tamrisha","family":"Patnaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Woxsen University","place":["Hyderabad, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Ipiin","family":"Gnankob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Woxsen University","place":["Hyderabad, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitya Sundar","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vignana Jyothi Institute of Management","place":["Hyderabad, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Amershi","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Fairness and Machine Learning","author":"Barocas","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Chi Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Binns","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Exchange and power in social life","author":"Blau","year":"1964"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Technostress: The Person Cost of the Computer Revolution","author":"Brod","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-023-00325-1","article-title":"Responsible artificial intelligence in human resources management: a review of the empirical literature","volume":"4","author":"Bujold","year":"2024","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJABIM.348062","article-title":"Effect of transparency of algorithmic performance management on proactive work behavior: role of motivation to improve performance and psychological ownership","volume":"15","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Asian Bus. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206305279602","article-title":"Social exchange theory: an interdisciplinary review","volume":"31","author":"Cropanzano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Designing Decision Support Systems for Revolutionary Command and Control Domains","author":"Cummings","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1104_01","article-title":"The \u201cwhat\u201d and \u201cwhy\u201d of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior","volume":"11","author":"Deci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2016.2643","article-title":"Overcoming algorithm aversion: people will use imperfect algorithms if they can (even slightly) modify them","volume":"64","author":"Dietvorst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/1748-8583.12258","article-title":"Algorithmic management and app-work in the gig economy: a research agenda for employment relations and HRM","volume":"30","author":"Duggan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2307\/2666999","article-title":"Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams","volume":"44","author":"Edmondson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2307\/257990","article-title":"A taxonomy of organizational justice theories","volume":"12","author":"Greenberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"903","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference","author":"Grgic-Hlaca","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-5073(76)90016-7","article-title":"Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory","volume":"16","author":"Hackman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Organ. Behav. Hum. Perform."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/ebr-11-2018-0203","article-title":"When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM","volume":"31","author":"Hair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-010-0068-5","article-title":"Assessing acceptance of assistive social agent technology by older adults: the almere model","volume":"2","author":"Heerink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"43","author":"Henseler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.3.513","article-title":"Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress","volume":"44","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640","article-title":"Conservation of resources in the organizational context: the reality of resources and their consequences","volume":"5","author":"Hobfoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.5465\/annals.2018.0174","article-title":"Algorithms at work: the new contested terrain of control","volume":"14","author":"Kellogg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Ann."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11846-024-00789-3","article-title":"This (AI)n\u2019t fair? Employee reactions to artificial intelligence (AI) in career development systems","volume":"19","author":"K\u00f6chling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951718756684","article-title":"Understanding perception of algorithmic decisions: fairness, trust, and emotion in response to algorithmic management","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Big Data Soc."},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-017-0279-x","article-title":"Fair, transparent, and accountable algorithmic decision-making processes: The premise, the proposed solutions, and the open challenges","volume":"31","author":"Lepri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2023), Paper 147","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrmr.2022.100940","article-title":"Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted HRM: towards an extended strategic framework","volume":"33","author":"Malik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 100876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrmr.2021.100876","article-title":"The duality of algorithmic management: toward a research agenda on HRM algorithms, autonomy and value creation","volume":"33","author":"Meijerink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s11301-023-00345-5","article-title":"Taylorism on steroids or enabling autonomy? A systematic review of algorithmic management","volume":"74","author":"Noponen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Manag. Rev. Q."},{"key":"ref9004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2490-4_4","article-title":"An Overview of Psychological Measurement","volume-title":"Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders","author":"Nunnally","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref9003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1070.0165","article-title":"The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: conceptual development and empirical validation","volume":"19","author":"Ragu-Nathan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref9002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1108\/IMR-04-2014-0148","article-title":"A critical look at the use of SEM in international business research","volume":"33","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Marketing Review"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2753\/mis0742-1222240109","article-title":"The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity","volume":"24","author":"Tarafdar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Manag. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","author":"Wieringa","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frai.2026.1911545\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:41:23Z","timestamp":1788154883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frai.2026.1911545\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frai.2026.1911545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frai.2026.1911545","relation":{},"ISSN":["2624-8212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2624-8212","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"article-number":"1911545"}}